2 PKACTICAL ZOOLOGY. 



dissecting needle. Observe how it is hinged ; cut or 

 break it off. 



6. This lays bare the true jaws, or mandibles. Examine 

 their black, toothed tips with a lens ; find, by prying, 

 how they move. Study their action in the live grass- 

 hopper, raising the labrum. Study carefully the way 

 in which they move, and how they are hinged ; then re- 

 move with the forceps, and again examine thoroughly. 



7. Back of and between the mandibles is the brown 

 tongue. 



8. Turn now to the back of the lower part of the head ; 

 pry back the lower lip, labium; carefully remove it. 



9. Attached to the base of the labium is a pair of short, 

 jointed appendages, the labial palpi. What is the 

 relation between the tongue and the labium ? 



10. If the above-named parts have been carefully removed, 

 there will remain one pair of appendages, smaller 

 jaws, called the maxillae. Make out that each max- 

 illa consists of three parts : 



a. An outer, jointed part, the maxillary palpus. 



b. A spoon-shaped piece covering c. 



c. The brown, in-curved maxilla proper. Examine 

 with a lens, then with forceps remove the whole 

 maxilla, being sure to get the basal part. 



11. Cut the head off a fresh specimen ; lay it on the table 

 and make a careful drawing of the face, naming all 

 the parts. 



12. Draw the head as seen from the side. 



THE THORAX. 



1. The wide collar, or cape, back of the head is the 

 prothorax ; make a drawing of it as seen from the side. 



