112 PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY. 



bones, and wishbone, and entirely remove the breast- 

 bone. 



10. Lift the liver and disclose, at the left of the body- 

 cavity, a hard mass, the gizzard. Slit the abdominal 

 wall in the middle line back to the anus, push aside 

 any fat that may cover the internal organs, and turn 

 the gizzard to the left of the bird to find where the 

 intestine arises from it; trace the intestine from the 

 gizzard backward. 



11. The part of the intestine nearest to the gizzard is 

 the duodenum. 



12. In a long loop formed by the duodenum is a pinkish 

 organ, the pancreas. 



13. Trace the intestine, tearing away the fat and the thin 

 walls of the abdominal air-sacs, observing that it is 

 held in place by a thin, transparent membrane, the 

 mesentery. 



14. Near its end the intestine has two short side branches, 

 the caeca. 



15. Just before the intestine ends, it widens, forming the 

 cloaca. 



16. Turn the gizzard to the right of the bird ; entering 

 it from the front, find a mottled, bulging tube, the 

 glandular stomach; pull the crop forward, to show 

 the connection between it and the glandular stomach. 

 To the right of the glandular stomach is the small, red 

 spleen; seize the gizzard, pull it backward, and cut 

 off the glandular stomach as far forward as possi- 

 ble ; remove the gizzard and intestines. Note the 

 relations of the tubes which enter and leave the giz- 

 zard ; open the gizzard, observing the thick outer 

 muscular coat, from which the gizzard is sometimes 



