CHAP, ii ABDOMINAL VISCERA 25 



the abdominal vein (abd. v) is severed and turned backwards. The right ovary 

 and fat-body are removed, and the right oviduct (r. ovd) is slightly displaced 

 outwards, (x iJ.) 



abd. ". abdominal vein ; Ctrl. mes. splanchnic or coeliaco-mesenteric artery ; 

 cp. ad. corpus adiposum, or fat-body ; d. ao. dorsal aorta ; gul. gullet ; 

 hu. cut end of humerus or upper-arm bone ; /. au. left auricle ; I. Ing. left !ung ; 

 /. ovd. left oviduct ; 1. md'. its opening into the body-cavity ; /. ovd" . its pos- 

 terior dilatation : /. ovy. left ovary ; Ir. portion of liver ; pt. CD. postcava! vein ; 

 its anterior portion passing between the liver and the heart ; r. an. right 

 auricle ; ret. rectum ; r . kd. right kidney ; r. Ing. right lung ; m. pt. renal 

 portal vein ; r. ovd. right oviduct ; r. oi-ii'. its opening into the body-cavity ; 

 r. ovd" . its posterior dilatation ; syst. tr. systemic arterial trunks at their point 

 of union ; u. bl. urinary bladder ; ur. ureter ; v. ventricle. 



By lifting up either of- the ovaries there is seen beneath 

 it in the natural position of the parts, above or dorsal 

 to it a greatly convoluted colourless tube (/. ovd, r. ovd) 

 of about the same diameter as the intestine. This is 

 the oviduct, through which the eggs pass from the ovary 

 to the cloaca. If the specimen is allowed to remain long 

 in water the oviducts will be found to swell and finally to 

 become disintegrated ; this is due to the fact that in them 

 is formed the jelly in which the laid eggs are enclosed, 

 and which, as already mentioned (p. 9), swells in 

 water. 



In the male there is seen, on turning the intestines 

 aside, a pair of yellow ovoidal bodies (Fig. 3, r. spy) 

 about half an inch long, attached by peritoneum to the 

 dorsal wall of the body-cavity. These are the spermaries 

 or testes ; they manufacture the spermatic substance 

 or milt by which the eggs are impregnated. To the 

 anterior end of each is attached a. fat-body (cp. ad), like 

 that of the female. In young specimens of both sexes 

 the reproductive organs spermaries, ovaries, and ovi- 

 ducts are very small. 



When the intestine is turned aside there will also be 

 seen, in both sexes, a pair of flattened, irregularly-oval 

 bodies (Figs. 3 and 4, r. kd) lying in the posterior part 

 of the abdominal cavity just above or dorsal to the 

 ovaries or spermaries. These are the kidneys. With 

 the outer edge of each is connected a tube, the ureter 



