CHAP, xi VEINS 527 



a. epg. anterior epigastric artery ; a. f. anterior facial vein ; a. m. anterior mesen- 

 teric artery ; a. ph. anterior phrenic vein ; as. r. azygos vein ; br. right 

 brachial artery ; c . il. a. common iliac artery ; c. il. v. hinder end of post- 

 caval ; cce. coeliac artery ; d. ao. dorsal aorta ; e. c. external carotid artery ; 

 e. il. a. external iliac artery ; e. H. c. external iliac vein ; e. ju. external jugular 

 vein ; fm. a. femoral artery ; fm. v. femoral vein ; ft. v. hepatic veins ; i:c. internal 

 carotid artery ; . cs. intercostal vessels ; i. ju. internal jugular vein ; . /. ilio- 

 lumbar artery and vein ; in. innominate artery ; /. au. left auricle ; I. c. c. left 

 common carotid artery ; 1. pr. c. left precaval vein ; /. v. left ventricle ; m. sc. 

 caudal artery ; p. a. pulmonary artery ; p. epg. posterior epigastric artery and 

 vein ; p. f. posterior facial vein ; p. m. posterior mesenteric artery ; p. ph. 

 posterior phrenic veins ; ptc. postcaval vein ; p. v. pulmonary vein ; r. renal 

 artery and vein ; r. au. right auricle ; r. c. c. right common carotid artery ; 

 r. prc. right precaval vein ; r. v. right ventricle ; scl. a. right subclavian artery ; 

 scl. v. right subclavian vein ; spm. spermatic artery and vein ; $. vs. vesical 

 artery and vein ; ut. uterine artery and vei ; vr. vertebral artery. (From 

 Parker's Zootamy.) 



sometimes runs forwards to open into the corresponding 

 renal vein. Rather more anteriorly still are a pair of 

 spermatic (spm) or ovarian veins, and a large renal vein (r) 

 enters the postcaval from each kidney. As the postcaval 

 passes through the dorsal border of the liver, it receives 

 several large hepatic veins (Figs. 137 and 140, h. v) from 

 the lobes of that organ. Other small veins from the body- 

 walls and from the posterior surface of the diaphragm 

 also open into the postcaval, which then passes through 

 the central tendon of the diaphragm and runs forward 

 in the mediastinal space (Fig. 138, pt. cav) to open into 

 the right auricle. 



The hepatic portal vein (Fig. 137, p. v) is a large vessel 

 situated in the mesentery, ventral to the postcaval. 

 Anteriorly it passes into and divides up in the h' ver, send- 

 ing a branch to each lobe : posteriorly it is constituted 

 by a large anterior mesenteric vein (m. v) returning the 

 blood from the small intestine, colon, and caecum, and 

 by smaller veins from the stomach, spleen, and duode- 

 num, as well as by a posterior mesenteric vein (p. m. v) 

 from the rectum. 



The pulmonary veins have already been described (p. 522). 

 In the freshly -killed animal a number of the delicate, trans- 

 parent lymphatic vessels (p. 97) can be made out, those from 

 the intestine (lacteals) running in the mesentery. They 



