8 SECTION I. HYGIENIC MICROBIOLOGY AND PAEASITOLOGY. 



serum. We compared the fixing values of pure horse serum and 

 antigenic antiserum, and although one fixing dose of the horse serum 

 will sensitize guinea pigs, many fixing doses of the antigenic anti- 

 serum fail to do so (at least 100). This would explain the results 

 of Vaughan, Gumming, and McGlumphy 32 who found that egg 

 white apparently disappears from the circulation in a few hours 

 when tested for by the anaphylaxis reaction. It is perhaps also in 

 harmony with the work of Hektoen and Carlson 14 and of Petit 

 and Carlson 81 who proved by transfusion that the antibody-incit- 

 ing factor in blood cells or in serum leaves the circulation in a few 

 hours. We might possibly assume that the factor in the antigen that 

 produces the antibody differs from the one that unites with it. (Cfr. 

 Bang and Forsmann. 43 



The results of injecting horse serum into normal animals are also 

 of interest. The horse serum is detectable by the precipitin and 

 fixation reactions for several days. It apparently does not sensitize 

 in large doses even after 24 hours. The fixation and precipittnogen 

 antigen is present not only in the blood, but also in the various organ 

 extracts (in this case carefully freed of blood) in uniform amounts 

 on the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth day. Of greatest importance 

 is the fact that the corresponding antibodies have begun to appear 

 in the serum two or three days before the antigen disappears. Simi- 

 lar facts have been noted by Hintze. 44 It is evident then that not 

 all the antigen is used up in producing the antibody. We have to 

 imagine either that the antigen continues to unite with the cell or 

 stimulate the cell for some time after antibodies appear, or that the 

 antibody stimulant differs from the antigen fraction that unites with 

 the antibody. This latter hypothesis seems to us for the present 

 the most valuable for a working basis. It explains, moreover, our 

 own failure to produce anaphylaxis (cfr. also Vaughan and his 

 collaborators) , and also the results of Hektoen and Carlson. We are 

 continuing our work with this as a working hypothesis and also 

 with a possible further elucidation of the obscure phenomenon of 

 anaphylaxis in mind. 



Fortschr. der Mediz., etc., vol. 15 (1897), p. 657. 

 'Wassermann and Takaki : Berlin. Klin. Wochen., vol. 35 (1898). p. 5. 

 'Loewi and Meyer: Archiv fur experiment. Path., vol. 59 (1908), p. 355. 

 4 Pfelffer and Marx: Zeit fiir Hygiene, vol. 27 (1898), p. 272. 

 5 Deutsch: Annales de 1'Inst. Pasteur, vol. 13 (1899), p. 689. 



9 Ca Stella ni : Zeit. fur Hygiene, vol. 37 (1901), p. 381. 

 T Levaditi: Annales de 1'Iust. Pasteur, vol. 18 (1904), p. 511. 

 'Stenstrom: Zeit fiir Immunitatsforsch., vol. 8 (1911), p. 483. 

 * Paetsch: Centralblatt fiir Bakt, Grig. I, vol. 60 (1911), p. 255 



10 Violie : Annales de 1'Inst. Pasteur, vol. 26 (1912), pp. 381, 467. 



u Metchnikoff : L'immunite dans les maladies infectieuses, p. 103; Annales 

 de 1'Inst. Pasteur, vol. 13 (1899), p. 737. 

 " Cantacuzne : Annales de 1'Inst. Pasteur, vol. 16 (1902), p. 522. 



