40 THE MUSCLES. 



on the gun-deck of their ships while in action. On the 

 retreat from Moscow, the French soldiers would fall asleep 

 on the march, and could only be aroused by the cry, "The 

 Cossacks are coming !" Tortured persons are said to have 

 slept upon the rack in the intervals of their torture. In 

 early life, while engaged in a laborious country practice, 

 the writer not unfrequently slept soundly on horseback. 

 These instances, and others, show the imperative demand 

 which nature makes for rest in sleep. 



QUESTIONS FOR TOPICAL REVIEW. 



PAGE 



1. What can yon state of the number and division of the muscles ? 25, 26 



2. Describe the structure of the muscles 25, 26 



3. Their arrangement in pairs and consequent action 2G 



4. What is the difference between the motion called flexion and that called 



extension ? 26 



5. Describe their action, and state which are the more powerful 23 



6. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? 26 



7. Illustrate the difference between the two 20 



8. State all you can of the tendons or sinews 27 



9. What is meant by contraction of the muscles ? 27, 28 



10. In how many and what ways may contraction be effected ? 28 



11. What is stated of after-death contraction ? 23 



12. W r hy cannot a muscle in life continue contracted a Ions: time ? 23 



13. How then can the constant beating of the heart be explained ? 28 



14. How docs the strength of a man compare with that of a horse ? 29 



15. What can you state in relation to the relative strength of animals ?. ... 28, 29 



16. What, in relation to physical strength ? 29 



17. What, in relation to physical degeneracy ? 29, 30 



18. What, in relation to the importance of exercise ? 30 



19. What is the effect of exercise upon the heart, skin, and appetite ?. 30, 31 



20. How docs exercise affect the current of the body's circulation ? 31 



21 . How does judicious exercise affect the muscles ? , 31 



22. What is stated of violent and spasmodic exercise ? 31 



23. Of the exercise of walking ? 31, 32, 33 



24 Of running, leaping, and other modes of exercise ? 3s 



25. Of physical culture, in connection with out-door exercises ? 



26. Of the importance of gymnastics in our schools and colleges ? 33, 34 



27. Of the importance of rest from labor or exercise ? - 38, 39 



28. What processes take place during sleep ? 



29. What effects follow insufficient sleep ? 39 



