FOOD AtfB DRINK. ' 77 



peated trials, the men took most kindly to coffee in the 

 morning and tea in the evening. The coffee seemed to 

 continue its influence throughout the day, and they seemed 

 to grow hungry less rapidly than after drinking tea, while 

 tea soothed them after a day's hard labor, and the better 

 enabled them to sleep. They both operated upon fatigued 

 men like a charm, and their superiority over alcoholic 

 stimulants was very decided." 



39. Chocolate is made from the seeds of the cocoa-tree, 

 a native of tropical America. Its effects resemble some- 

 what those of tea and coffee, but it is very rich in nutri- 

 ment. Linnaeus, the botanist, was so fond of this beverage, 

 that he gave to the cocoa-tree the name, Theobrovia " the 

 Food of the Gods." Its active principle is theobromin. 



40. Alcohol. The list of beverages that are consumed 

 for the sake of the alcohol they contain is a very long one. 

 Their use is almost universally prevalent, every civilized 

 nation, and nearly every barbarous one, having its favorite 

 alcoholic drink ; and, as a general rule, the nations which 

 stand the highest in civilization have the greatest varieties 

 of these beverages, at the same time using them the most 

 intelligently and wisely. 



41. The wines and malt liquors that contain a small 

 amount of alcohol are produced by fermentation. The 

 beverages that hold a large proportion of alcohol, the 

 " ardent spirits," are made by distillation. Enormous 

 quantities of grains and fruits are thus yearly diverted 

 from their proper uses as food ; some of these being corn, 

 wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, and rice ; also the grape, apple, 

 pear, peach, sugar-cane, cherry, fig, and orange. Wine, the 

 fermented juice of the grape, has been in use from time 

 immemorial, while the introduction of distilled liquors 

 dates from a comparatively recent period. 



39. State what is said of chocolate. 



40. Use of alcoholic drink:?, how general "> The rule given 1 



41 . The beverages produced by fermentation ? The ardent spirits '! Grains and 

 fruits employed ? Long use of wine ? Of distilled liquors ? 



