140 RESPIRATION. 



the British army were constructed without any regard to 

 ventilation; and during those years the statistics showed 

 that consumption was the cause of a very large proportion 

 of deaths. At last the government began to improve the 

 condition of the buildings, giving larger space and air- 

 supply; and as a consequence, the mortality from con- 

 sumption has diminished more than one-third. 



37. The lower animals confined in the impure atmos- 

 phere of menageries, contract the same diseases as man. 

 Those brought from a tropical climate, and requiring arti- 

 ficial warmth, generally die of consumption. In the Zoo- 

 logical gardens of Paris, this disease affected nearly all 

 monkeys, until care was taken to introduce fresh air by 

 ventilation; and then it almost wholly disappeared. The 

 tendency of certain occupations to shorten life is well 

 known; disease being occasioned by the fumes and dust 

 which arise from the material employed, in addition to the 

 unhealthful condition of the workshop or factory where 

 many hours are passed daily. 



38. The following table shows the comparative amount 

 of carbonic acid in the air under different conditions and 

 the effects sometimes produced: 



PROPORTION OP CARBONIC ACID. in 1000 parts of Air. 



Air of country .4 



" "city 5 



In hospital, well ventilated 6 



In school, church, etc., fairly ventilated 1.2 to 2.5 



In court-house, factory, etc., without ventilation. ... 4. to 40. 



In bedroom, before being aired 4.5 



In bedroom, after being aired 1.5 



Constantly breathed, causing ill health 2. 



Occasionally breathed, causing discomfort 3. 



Occasionally breathed, causing distress 10. 



Expired air 40. 



Air no longer yielding oxygen 100. 



37. How, in the case of the lower animals* ? Tendency of certain occupations ? 



38. Give the fact as set forth in the table. 



