expect sound apples, would you? This tree, like all such, became a victim of a wind 

 storm. If you turn back again to photo 4, to the left-hand specimen, you will see where 

 the piece of paper is laid in. It would be a mistake in pruning to cut at that point, be- 

 cause you would not only be cutting nearly lengthwise with the wood fibre (grain of the 

 wood), but you would inflict an unnecessarily large wound. If you cut at the "shoulder" 

 the sap comes up from all directions, from under, from the top and sides. If the wound 

 be dressed thoroughly with thick paint a healthly granulation will immediately set in, 

 provided it be the right time of the year. A fine specimen of healing is presented in 

 photo 18. This is hard maple ; it was cut at the "shoulder" and well painted. You can 

 observe the saw marks through the paint. The new bark, somewhat resembling a horse- 

 shoe, is the work of only forty-two days. This is what nature will do when you lend a 



1-2 



