first circle should be, say, 6 feet 

 (radius) from the tree, the next 10, etc. 

 By this subterranean method of water- 

 ing you can grow very fine trees in the 

 city of Cleveland, though they never 

 will be as large as in localities where 

 all the soil is adapted to hold moisture 

 and furnish the necessary food for the 

 plant. It is safe to say that you can in 

 this way produce healthy elms, maples 

 or even oaks that would form heads 

 from 30 to 50 feet in diameter. Where 

 the tree is exposed, use the German 

 Tree Guard, as shown in photo 1 16. This 

 was taken in front of Mr. Paul E. Wer- 

 ner's, Akron, Ohio. Almost every child 

 has heard of Paul E. Werner, to whose 

 energy and tact Akron is indebted for the 

 largest printing establishment in the 

 world. If Mr. W'erner does not worship 

 at nature' 1 s shrine he sings her praises. 

 He has had great trouble in starting trees 

 (paved streets again, you see), and he in- 

 troduced this commendable tree guard 

 from Germany, where, he says, he saw 



Photo 118. 



them in every city. The danger in planting trees in yards 

 is, that thoughtless people run the lawn mower against 

 them, which ruins the tree. A specimen of this is seen 

 in photo 117. The remedy is a simple one, namely: Cut 

 the sod away from the tree to the distance of a foot, as 

 shown in photo 118. Keep this hoed to prevent weeds 

 starting. It is beneficial every way, as the rain soaks in 

 and helps the plant. You plant too thick in Cleveland 

 and form the tops too low. Plant 30 feet apart. The row 

 of trees down by the lake front are among your highest, 

 but they cut off the view of the lake. (See photo 112. ) 



Very sensible tree guards made of wire have lately 

 appeared to keep horses from gnawing trees. It is as- 

 tounding how thoughtless people are in such matters. 

 L,ook at photo 119. This is the result of horses gnawing 

 the tree when hitched to it. If you have a tree in front 

 be sure that you have also a hitching-post. 



Well, good people of Cleveland, the blame is not to 

 be attributed to you for having failed to produce good 

 trees, for you have tried hard and failed, when others 

 have done nothing and succeeded. It is unfortunate that 

 all the main part of your city is built on the most sterile 

 soil and barren sand. As you go east a few miles (Gor- 

 don Park for example) the soil changes and vegetation 

 improves. Going west, also, the betterment takes place. 

 At West Madison Avenue the surface is underlaid with 



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