COCK-SPUR THORN; HAWTHORN (Cratcegus crus-galli, 

 Linn.). 15 to 25 feet. Small tree, with rigid, stout, spread- 

 ing branches and twigs with straight, unbranched thorns, 3 to 

 4 inches long, or on older limbs 6 to 8 inches long, and set with 

 slim, lateral spines. Bark gray or brown, scaly. Wood 

 brownish red, hard, fine, heavy, takes fine polish; used for 

 tool-handles, levers and for fuel. Leaves thick, leathery, 

 polished, dark green above, paler beneath, 1 to 4 inches long, 

 obovate, acute or rounded and serrate at the apex; plain- 

 margined below the middle and tapering to the stout petiole. 

 Autumn colors, orange and scarlet. Flowers May to June, 

 after leaves, in loose, many-flowered corymbs; white, fragrant, 

 f inch across, smooth petals and sepals, 5 each, stamens 10, 

 anthers rose-colored; styles 2, hairy. Fruit almost globular, 

 inch long, dull red, with dry, thin, mealy flesh, ripe in October, 

 hanging until spring; calyx lobes dry and spreading at "blos- 

 som end "; nutlets 2, full and rounded at ends, with prominent, 

 grooved ridge on the back, J inch long. Dist.: Rich soil, 

 Montreal to southern Michigan; New York State to Penn- 

 sylvania; along foothills to North Carolina. Planted for 

 ornament and as a hedge plant in Europe and America. 



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