KEYS TO THE PRINCIPAL TREE FAMILIES 



KEY TO THE CONE-BEARING EVERGREENS, THE CONIFERS 



A. The Evergreens, or Conifers 

 B. Fruit, a cone 



C. Foliage needle-like, conspicuous, spirally arranged 



D. Arrangement of leaves, few in sheathed bundle The Pines 



DD. Arrangement of leaves, many in unsheathed tufts, deciduous The Larches 

 DDD. Arrangement of leaves, solitary and scattered 



E. Leaves flat, blunt, pale beneath, 2-ranked on twig 



F. Cones erect, large; branches stiff; bark smooth, with resin blisters 



The Firs 



FF. Cones pendent, small; branches supple; bark rough; leaves on minute 



stalks The Hemlocks 



EE. Leaves 4-sided, sharp at tip, not pale beneath; standing out in all directions 



The Spruces 

 CC. Foliage scale-like, minute, 4-ranked, close pressed to twig; cones small 



The White Cedars 



BB. Fruit, a blue berry; foliage spiny or scale-like, or both The Junipers, or Red Cedars 



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