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second instance of the first case, and second sowings with seed of 

 different origin were largely resorted to. In the first of these three 

 instances only can the crop be truly considered to be of Mr. Bolland's 

 Ashmuni; the seed of the remainder is worthless for further distribution. 

 Yet the name is retained for the produce of all these cultures, and 

 the Ministry has no means of judging which are the reliable lots when 

 it comes to purchase from the gins. The cessation of control after 

 the Grade IV crop, therefore, renders it impossible to assure a supply 

 of reliable seed for more than 500-600 fedddns. 



Were, now, an organization, such as I have outlined, to be in 

 operation, the district officer would be in a position to see that these 

 500-600 fedddns belonged to responsible persons who could be relied 

 on to carry out any re-sowing with the same seed as that supplied. 

 His local knowledge would, moreover, enable him to place the entire 

 Grade IV crop in the hands of reliable persons. Even supposing he 

 fails to exercise any supervision over the distribution of the seed and 

 the sowings, he would know where it was growing, could inspect the 

 crops, see which of these maintained their purity, trace these to the 

 ginneries, and so place at the disposal of the Ministry a yearly increasing 

 supply of seed of known quality. 



As a second instance I may take the case of the Domains. Here 

 Mr. Jeffreys has, for a number of years, devoted much labour to purify- 

 ing the field crops of some of the more important varieties of Lower 

 Egypt, notably Sakel and Assili. His method differs from the above, 

 and may be termed bulk selection. From the field crop, before 

 general picking commences, he collected a bulk of seed taken only from 

 those plants which correspond to the ideal of the type in question. 

 The seed from the produce so collected is sown separately, rogued 

 during the course of its growth, and again gone through before harvest 

 and a similar amount of see'd cotton of the most typical plants taken. 

 The remaining seed is used to extend the area under the selected crop. 

 In this way he has worked up an area of 10,000 fedddns, in which the 

 crop is manifestly purer than any I have seen elsewhere, and it forms 

 a distinct advance in uniformity on any of the crops commonly grown. 

 He has also maintained on a fair scale in a state of considerable purity 

 many other types, notably those evolved by Mr. Balls. We are here, 

 however, only concerned with the two varieties, Sakel and Assili, 

 of which a commercial seed supply is raised. Under present circum- 

 stances that seed, totalling 13,000 to 15,000 ardebs, is used partly by 

 the Domains for sowing the area under their direct cultivation, using 

 some 3,000 to 3,500 ardebs. partly for sowing a large area of leased 

 lands, absorbing some 5,000 to 6,000 ardebs. The remaining seed is 

 placed at the disposal of the Ministry, which distributes it through the 

 Commercial Section to cultivators in small lots. In all except the first 



