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APPENDIX VII. 



NOTE ON THE FOREST VEGETATION OF COUNTRIES CONTAINING TREES ELIGIBLE FOB 

 ACCLIMATIZATION IN NATAL, WITH SHORT NOTICES OF THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES 

 RECOMMENDED FOR PLANTING. 



Following the isotherm of 70, first in the northern, then in the southern hemisphere, 

 the forest vegetation of the countries in a zone of which it forms the centre, with a 

 climate corresponding in some parts to that of Natal, will be successively examined. 



United States. The United States may be divided into an Atlantic and a Pacific 

 region by a line drawn along the Eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. En the Atlantic 

 region, vast forests are found between the'Appalachian ranges and the sea, where the rain- 

 fall averages from 40 to 50 inches. Pines generally predominate along the coast, and 

 deciduous trees in the Mississipi basin and over the Western Atlantic plains. Among the 

 hardwood trees, the most important are, Quercus alba (white oak), which often forms half 

 of the forest growth ; Q- macrocarpa (burr oak), Q. coccinea (scarlet oak) ; Q. rubra (red 

 oak) ; Q. virens (live oak), an evergreen chiefly developed along the Gulf coast, and in 

 North Mexico at an altitude of 6 8, 000 feet ; Q.prinoides (chestnut oak) ; Acer sacchari- 

 num (sugar maple), predominating to the north ; A. dasycarpum (soft maple) ; A. rubrum 

 (red maple) ; Fraxinus americana (white ash), ranging over nearly the whole of the 

 region ; F. viridis (green ash) ; F. pubescens (red ash) ; Castanea vesca var. americana 

 (chesnut) ; Betula papyrifera (white birch), and B. lutea (yellow or gray birch), both 

 common trees of the northern forests ; Carya alba (hickory), an important tree with a 

 wide range ; Juglans cinerea (butternut) ; J. nigra (black walnut) ; Ulmua Americana 

 /American elm) ; U. racemosa (rock elm) ; Fagus ferruginea (beech) ; Tilia Americana 

 (basswood) ; Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip) ; Magnolia grandift'jra (big laurel)), and 

 Nyssa sylvatica (black gum), both Southern trees ; Madura aurantiaca (Osage orange) ; 

 Robinia Pseudacacia (locust) ; and Gleditschia triacanthos (honey locust). 



Of the coniferous trees in the same region, Pinus Strobus (white pine), is the most 

 important, if not the most widely distributed, species. In the Southern States, P.palustris 

 (long leaved pine), P. mitis (yellow pine), Taxodium distichum (cypress), and Chamce- 

 cyparis sphceroidea (white cedar), rank next in importance, while in the colder Northern 

 States, they are replaced by Abies balsamea (balsam fir) ; Picea nigra (black spruce\ 

 Picea alba (white spruce\ Abies canadensis (hemlock), Lari.x Americana (tamarack), 

 and Thuya occidentalis (arbor-vitse). Juniperus Virginiana (red cedar) is widely distri- 

 buted in both northern and southern States. 



The forests in the Pacific region are separated from those of the Atlantic region by 

 the intervening country of the Great Basin, where trees are very scantily distributed. 

 The most important and widely spread species is the red fir (Pseudotsuga Douglasii), 

 found from sea-level to 10,000 feet, often in almost pure forests. Other conifers of the 

 coast region are Sequoia sempervirens (redwood) a very large tree forming dense forests, 

 Picea Sitchensis (tideland spruce), and Abies grandis. Found more to the south are : 

 Pinus Sabiniana, the digger pine of the foothills, P. insignis (Monterey pine) P. muricata 

 (Obispo pine), Cupresms macrocarpa (Monterey cypress) Chamcecyparis Lawsoniana 

 (Port Orford Cedar), and Cupressus Goveniana. 



In the mountain zone, Sequoia gigantea (Big tree), found at 4-8,000 feet, attain a 

 colossal size. The other conifers are Picea Engelmanni (white spruce), the principal 

 tree of the central Rocky Mountains, found at 5-11,500 feet, Libocedrus decurrens (white 

 cedar), occurring at ,3-8,500 feet, Thuya gigantea (red cedar), below 5,200 feet. Pinus 

 monticola, at 7-10,000 feet, P. flexilis, at 4-10,000 feet, P. Je/reyi, at 6-8,000 feet, P. 

 Murrayana, at 6-9,000 feet, Abies magnijica t at 4,900-8,000 feet, A, bracteata, at 3-6,000 

 feet, and A, concolor, at 3-9,000 feet. The deciduous trees of the region are Querciis 



