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of Tibet are composed mainly of Himalayan species. In China Proper, Pinus Kcempferi 

 (Chinese larch), P. Massoniana, P. Fortunei, Gingko biloba, Juniper us Chinensis, and J. 

 tphcerica, are among the principal conifers ; and among the principal non-coniferous trees 

 are : Quercus serrata, which extends to Nepal and Japan, Q. cornea, Fraxinus Chinensis 

 (Chinese ash), Vlmus paroifolia (an evergreen elin), Morus alba, (white mulberry), 

 Populus wgra (black poplar), P. tremula (aspen), Caitanea sativa (chesnut), Cedrela 

 Chinensis, Cinnamomum Camphora (camphor tree), C. Cassia, Liquidambar Formosana, 

 Sophora Japonica, Sterculia monosperma, Diospyros Kikl (date plum), and Buxus 

 fempervirens (Box). 



Japan is well wocded, and the forests contain a great variety of valuable trees. 

 Foremost among these is the magnificent Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica). Other 

 conifers are : Pinus Massoniana, the most common tree of the country ; P. polita, 

 forming large forests in the mountain ranges ; P. densiflora (Amakutsu), P. stenolopsis, 

 found up to 7,000 feet ; P. parviftora ; P. Alcocqiana, found with P. tonga and P. polita 

 at 6-7,000 feet, P. Jeroensis ; P. leptolepis, the " Karamatsu " or Japanese Larch, found 

 up to 9,000 feet ; P. firma and P. Tsuga, both found in North Japan, the latter at 

 6-9,000 feet ; Cupressus obtusa, the " Hinoki," found at 1,2004,200 feet ; Gingko 

 biloba ; Juniperus Chinensis ; Podocarpus macrophylla, the " Inumaki ; " CepJialotaxus 

 drupacea, a kind of Yew ; and Sciadopitys verticillata, the curious umbrella fir. Among 

 the non-coniferous trees are : Zelkova acuminata, the " Keaki " which yields perhaps 

 the best timber in Japan, and is found at 3,500 10,000 feet ; Quercus cuspidata, a fine 

 oak ; Q. glauca, the " Kashi " ; Q. glabra ; Q- dentata ; Q. serrata, which extends to 

 Nepal ; Castanea saiiva (chesnut) ; Juglans cordiformis ; J. Sieboldiana ; Primus Pseudo 

 Cerasus ; Populus Sieboldii : P. tremula (aspen) ; Ulmus campestris (elm) ; Fagus Sieboldii, 

 the Japan beech ; Acer palmatum, one oi the many species of maple indigenous to Japan ; 

 Morus alba, var. Japonica (mulberry) ; Salix Babylonica, extending to West Asia ; 

 Buxus sempervirens, still more more widely distributed ; Cinnamomum Camphora 

 (camphor tree), found in Southern Japan; Sophora Japonica; Ailanthus glandulosa ; 

 Thuyopsis dolabrata ; Diospyros Kaki, the date plum ; Pawlonia imperialis ; and Catalpa 

 Kcempferi. 



Australia. Eucalypti and Acacias compose four-fifths of the forests of Australia and 

 Tasmania. In Australia we may distinguish between an eastern and a western forest 

 region, separated by the vast central desert tracts. 



The eastern region will include Tasmania, the south-western corner of South 

 Australia, and the littoral zone between the coast and the great dividing range that runs 

 at 40 to 200 miles from the coast, through Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland. 

 The mean temperature is, at Hobart, in Tasmania, 54, at Melbourne 57, at Sydney 

 62-7, at Brisbane 69 w , and probably reaches 80 towards Cape York. The rainfall is 

 from 20 to 40 inches in the littoral portion of Victoria, 40 to 65 in that of New South 

 Wales, and 30 to 130 in that of Queensland. 



Eucalypts reach their greatest development in the cooler parts of this region, that 

 is, along the coasts of Victoria arid New South Wales. The more important kinds are 

 Eucalyptus amygdalina (White or Peppermint Gum), a giant tree found from South 

 Australia to New South Wales ; E. obliqua, the most gregarious of all Eucalypts, known 

 as " Stringy Bark " in Tasmania, and as the " Messmate Tree " from South Australia to 

 Queensland ; E. Globulus, the Blue Gum of Victoria and Tasmania ; E. rostrata, the 

 Red Gum of Southern Australia ; E. leucoxylon, the Iron Bark of Victoria, South 

 Australia, and New South Wales ; E. robusta, the Swamp Mahogany of New South 

 Wales ; E. longifolia, the Wooly Butt of New South Wales and Victoria ; E. Gunni, 

 ascending to Alpine elevations in Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales : E. coryno- 

 calyx, the Sugar-gum of South Australia and North-western Victoria ; E. melliodora, the 

 yellow box of Victoria ; E. polyanthema, the red box of South-eastern Australia ; E. 

 paniculata, the White Ironbark of New South Wales ; E. punctata, the Leather Jacket 

 of New South Wales ; and E. resinifera, the Red Mahogany of Southern Queensland and 

 New South Wales. Less important species found over the same region are to the south 

 E. macrorrhyncha, the Stringy Bark of Victoria and New South Wales ; E. goniocalyx, 

 extending from Cape Otway to the southern portion of New South Wales ; E. viminalis, 

 E. Siberiana, and E. Stuartiana, all three indigenous to the south-eastern portion of 

 Australia ; and E. pauciflora, found in New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. More 

 to the north are E. eugenioides, a Stringy bark of Victoria and New South Wales ; E. 

 piperita, another Stringy bark of New South Wales and Gippsland j E. Saligna, the 



