1921] Smiley: Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California 67 



Leaf solitary but divided into a sterile and a fertile part; sporangium 

 sessile, without an annulus. Family 2. Ophioglossaceae 



Leaves few to many, not divided into sterile and fertile parts; sporan- 

 gium stalked and having an annulus. Family 1. Polypodiaceae 

 Leaves closely imbricated, very small attached to the stem by broad 

 bases; sporangium solitary in the leaf axils. 



Family 4. Selaginellaceae 



Aquatic plants, submerged or merely emergent, with tufted grass-like 

 leaves having enlarged bases which enclose the sporangia. 



Family 5. Isoetaceae 



Leaves reduced to scales and united by their bases to form sheaths about 

 the hollow jointed stems; sporophylls aggregated into terminal cones 

 (strobili) formed of peltate scales. Family 3. Equisetaceae 



Sporophylls aggregated into true flowers; plants producing seeds. 



SPERMATOPHYTA (Conifers and Flowering Plants) 



*Plants with ovules exposed upon the sporophylls and not enclosed within an 

 ovary; woody plants with (in ours) always evergreen needle-like or 

 scale-like leaves. GYMNOSPERMAE: in our region with but a single 

 family. Family 6. Pinaceae 



**Plants with ovules enclosed within ovaries; woody or herbaceous plants 

 with evergreen or deciduous foliage. 



ANGIOSPERMAE, or True Flowering Plants 



I. Flowers composed of parts arranged in 3's or 6's, never in 4's or 5's (i.e., 

 3 petals, 6 stamens, etc., never 4 petals, 5 stamens, etc., except Pota- 

 mogeton with 4-merous flowers) ; ours all herbaceous plants with the 

 leaves having their prominent veins parallel: stems without central 

 pith and ringlike layers. MONOCOTYLEDONS 



Ovary or ovaries distinct (in Juncaginaoeae united at first but separating 

 at maturity) and simple; perianth (= sepals and petals taken together) 

 none or calyx-like. 



Perianth none, or calyx-like with scalelike divisions. 

 Flowers not in the axils of dry chaffy bracts. 



Flowers monoecious, grouped into globose heads along the upper part 

 of the stem, the upper heads staminate, the lower pistillate. 



Family 7. Sparganiaceae 

 Flowers perfect, not in globose heads. 



Immersed plants with flowers composed of 4 sepals, 4 stamens, and 



4 ovaries, the latter always distinct. Family 8. Najadaceae 



Terrestrial plants with grasslike, somewhat fleshy leaves and flowers 



composed of 6 sepals, 6 stamens, and usually 6 ovaries, the latter 



at first united but distinct at maturity. 



Family 9. Juncaginaceae 

 Flowers in the axils of dry chaffy bracts, aggregated into spikes or 



spikelets. 



Stems mostly terete (round) and hollow, sheathed by the bases of 

 the leaves, the sheaths mostly open opposite the blades; anthers 

 versatile and stigmas plumose; fruit a grain. 



Family 10. Gramineae 



Stems mostly triangular and solid; leaf -sheaths closed; anthers basi- 

 fixed, stigmas not plumose; fruit an achene. 



Family 11. Cyperaceae 



