1921] Smiley: Flora of the Sierra Newtda of California 83 



Range. Selkirks of British Columbia south in Cascades to high 

 peaks of the Klamath Mountains and in the Sierra to Mt. Whitney; 

 southeast in the northern Rockies to northwest Wyoming. 



Zone. Hudsonian. 



Specimens examined. Sierra Nevada, Pringle, September 25, 

 1882 ; Mt. Tallac at timber line, 9,750 feet, Smiley 367 ; same, Lemmon 

 1153 ; Mt. Rose, 9,000 feet, Heller 10,656 ; ridge above Gilmore Lake, 

 Tahoe, 9,600 feet, Smiley 375 ; Mt. Goddard, 10,200 feet, trees 30-40 

 feet high, Hall and Chandler 683 ; same at 11,000 feet, trees 3-6 feet, 

 Hall and Chandler 683a; Bullfrog Lake, Tulare County, 11,000 feet, 

 Culbertson (B4814). 



P. albicaulis is the tree-line tree par excellence of the Sierra ; while 

 it is not infrequently found associated with other trees in the Hud- 

 sonian zone, as the climatic tree-line is approached, all its companions 

 drop away, leaving the Whitebark Pine to mark tree-line. In such 

 situations it often becomes so depressed as to form mats spreading 

 over the rocks. 



4. Pinus Balfouriana Jeffrey, Rep. Oreg. Exped., vol. 1, t. 3, f. 1. 



1853. 



Type locality. Scott Mountains, northwestern California. 



Range. High Klamath Mountains and southern Sierra Nevada. 



Zone. Hudsonian. 



Specimens examined. Head of Little Kern River, 9,000 feet, 

 Dudley and Lamb, August 4, 1895; Marble Canon, Upper Kaweah 

 River, Dudley 1319 ; north of Farewell Gap, Tulare County, Dudley 

 2603 ; south slope of Toowa Range, Hall and Babcock 5306 ; Olancha 

 Mountain, on west side rises to 11,000 feet, Hall and Babcock 5246. 



The Foxtail Pine is confined to the high mountains of California 

 and is remarkable for its curiously disrupted distribution; the two 

 areas where it is found are quite 400 miles apart by the shortest dis- 

 tance. No trace of the species has ever been found in the intervening 

 country. In the southern Sierra the altitudinal range of P. Balfour- 

 iana is about 3,000 feet. Merriam 91 reports that on the east slope west 

 of Owen 's Valley, P. Balfourmna and P. Murrayana descend to about 

 the 9,500-foot contour. 



5. Pinus ponderosa var. Jeffrey! Vasey, Rep. U. S. Com. Agr., 



p. 179. 1875. 



P. Jeffreyi Balfour, Eep. Oreg. Exped., voL 2, t. 1. 1853. 

 Type locality. Shasta Valley, northern California. 



