84 University of California Publications in Botany [VOL. 9 



Range. Southern Oregon south in the Coast Ranges to Lake 

 County and in the Sierra to the mountains of southern California 

 and San Pedro Martir in Lower California. 



Zone. Border of Transition and Canadian. 



Specimens examined. Glen Alpine, 6,800 feet, McGregor 207; 

 near Fallen Leaf Lodge, Tahoe, 6,600 feet, Smiley 138a. 



The Jeffrey Pine is often found growing with typical P. ponderosa 

 near the upper limit of the Yellow Pine, but is easily distinguished 

 by its much larger cones. 



6. Pinus Murrayana Balfour, Rep. Oreg. Exped., vol. 2, t. 3, f. 2. 



1853. 

 P. contorta var. Murrayana Engelm., Bot. Calif., vol. 2, p. 125. 1880. 



Type locality. ' ' On the Siskiyou Mountains. ' ' 



Range. Alaska south in the Cascades, Coast Ranges, and Sierra 

 Nevada to Lower California ; in the Rocky Mountains through British 

 Columbia to Colorado and Utah. 



Zone. Canadian. 



Specimens examined. Plumas County, Mrs. Austin in 1877; 

 Sierra County, Lemmon in 1874; Donner Lake, Torrey 499; same, 

 Dudley, June 14, 1900; Caple's Lakes, 8,500 feet, Hansen 243; 

 plateau of Mt. Tallac, 9,200 feet, Smiley 367a ; Mt. Tallac, west side 

 at 9,500 feet, Smiley 369 ; Lake of the Woods, Tahoe, Dudley, Sep- 

 tember 1, 1894; Heather Lake, McGregor 174; Desolation Valley, 

 8,200 feet, Smiley 104; South Fork San Joaquin, 6,900 feet, Hall and. 

 Chandler 730 ; top of Kettle Mountain ridge, Fresno County, Dudley, 

 August 23, 1904; Kaiser Crest, Fresno County, 9,500 feet, Smiley 

 632 ; Mt. Silliman, northwest peak, Dudley, June 29, 1896 ; South Fork 

 of Kern River, 9,800 feet, Rothrock 383. 



P. Murrayana has the widest range of any conifer on the western 

 mountains. Being a prolific seeder, it is one of the first trees to 

 pioneer upon the meadows of the Canadian and lower Hudsonian 

 zones and, as a result, many of the finest meadows in the mountains 

 are being blocked by a dense growth of the young tamaracks. This is 

 especially well seen along the south side of Tuolumne meadows in the 

 Yosemite region; at this place all stages in such an invasion and 

 occupation of new territory by a vigorous species can be studied. 

 P. Murrayana is a close ally of the North Coast Pinus contorta Dougl. 

 and has been considered a form of that species, but the very different 

 habit, distinct area, and character of the bark, seem to sufficiently 

 differentiate it. 



