1921] Smiley: Flora of the Sierra Nevad-a of California 87 



trail to Pyramid Peak, 8,400 feet, Smiley 102 ; Tragedy Springs, 8,000 

 feet, Hansen 241 ; peak above Sonora Pass, Brewer 1917 ; Carson Spur, 

 8,500 feet, Hansen; Silver Mountain Pass, Phillips and Sargent in 

 1878; Mono Pass, Bolander in 1866; east of Half Dome, Yosemite, 

 Dudley, June 13, 1894; Cloud's Rest trail, 8,000 feet, Smiley 508; 

 south slope of Lambert's Dome, Dudley, July 20, 1901; top of ridge 

 east of Sunset meadow, Fresno County, Dudley, August 23, 1904; 

 below Fisherman's meadow, Tulare County, Dudley 2347 ; Kern River, 

 Culbertson (B4334). 



The Western Juniper is the most conspicuous constituent of the 

 "Krummholz" in the central Sierra, where its intricately branched, 

 short, gnarled trunks give a most bizarre appearance to many of the 

 high granitic glaciated table-lands. It is more common on the east 

 slope. It does not form pure stands of any considerable size but 

 occurs in groups of three or four. In favorable locations it becomes 

 a tree of low height but large diameter. On Mt. Shasta, Merriam 6 

 reports it as growing in the Upper Sonoran and Lower Transition 

 life-zones. In southern California, Abrams 92 assigns it to "an arid 

 belt intermediate between the Transition and the Canadian zones." 



2. Juniperus communis L., Sp. PL, p. 1040. 1753. 



Type locality. Europe. 



Range. Holarctic; in North America south to New England, 

 Pennsylvania, and in the mountains to North Carolina; in the west 

 south to New Mexico and California. 



Zone. Arctic-alpine, at least in the form here considered. 



Specimens examined. Glen Alpine trail to Mt. Tallac, 8,500 feet, 

 Abrams 4880; top of ridge between LeConte and Heather lakes, 

 Tahoe, 9,000 feet, Smiley 354 ; Pyramid Peak, W. W. Price, June 26, 

 1898 ; Ralston Peak trail, 9,000 feet, Smiley 418 ; Mono Pass, Brewer 

 1753. 



The plant here considered is perhaps best referred to the var. 

 montana Ait. (Hort. Kew., vol. 3, p. 414. 1789) ; it is by no means 

 common in our mountains though Piper reports it as common in the 

 Cascades of Washington. 



Rehder 93 has described, from "Siskiyou Gebirge zwischen Waldo, 

 Oregon, and Crescent City, Kalifornien, in etwa 1,000 m. Meeres- 

 hohe," a variant with long whiplike branches having short laterals. 

 The type has not been seen but no specimen examined from our region 

 accords with the too brief description. 



