LIST OF ONE HUNDRED TREES MOST VALUAHLE FOR T1M11KK. 55 



Hat of one hundred epeoieg of trees of the I'ntteil xtaiex moil valuable for timber , irilli notixmi t/nir range of distribution, 



cultural reiiiiirciiK'Hlx, ninl the, c/nirai-tir and MW.S /' Ilirir iruml Continued. 



Name of species ;tini limit of si/e. 



L'l. AMAI'.II.IS Fill 



(.UiYx (itiiabilix (Loud.) Forties.) 



Height, ion fei'l ; : diaini'tcr, 



I len . 

 Aeeortlini; to others, l^o feel 



high and, 1 ) feet in diameter. 



Kegions ol abundant ".rowlh. 



Snil and climate, anil ehai-iu'ti TiM ics ol' growth. 



Northwestern mast, mostly asso- 1 1 ravelly soils, 

 eiated with tlit- preceding 

 species. 



I'.esl development un i uitaiiis Will pn.bal.ly prove hardy in Kystern Stales. 



south ol' the Columbia Kiver: 

 3,000 to 4,000 feet. 



IV. r.A-iT.\Ri> SPIIUCES. Under this 11:11110 may be grouped the Hemlocks and Douglas Spruce, formerly classed 

 with the spruces and lirs proper. Mostly of northern ilisirilmtion, and therefore best adapted to cool, moist 

 situations; enduring considerable shade. Some of the species grow very rapidly. 



Characteristic*. I, eaves single, Hat. linear, with distinct stalks (petioles) somewhat comb-like in their arrange- 

 ment on the twigs. Cones usually small, with thin scales, hanging front the ends of the branches. Seeds partly 

 inelosod in a persistent wing; resemble those of the, Mrs, but of smaller size. ; mature the first your; do not keep well ; 

 low percentage of germination, liranehes pendant; crown spindle-like inform. Two genera, comprising seven 

 species, five of which are indigenous. 



The wood of the Douglas Spruce resembles the common "hard pine" (Red, Loblolly, etc.) in texture and grain, 

 resembles tlie larch in color, and is used for all purposes for which pine is employed, the excellent dimensions 

 naturally loading to its preference for many purposes. 



The wood of the Eastern Hemlock is used chiefly for dimension stuff, also for hoards, and recently for pulp; lint 

 it has been well demonstrated that the wood is well suited even for finishing lumber, and that the prevailing 

 prejudice against it is as unwarranted in the case of the Eastern as in that of the Western Hemlock. The 

 appearance of the wood in oil linish is very satisfactory. 



Nan f specins and limit of si/.o. 



2.V DO lO I. AM *I'ICI 4 i 



(UEt> FIR. YKI.LOW FIR. OIIK- 



i. .IN PINK. 



(TV'N'/offc'K'/a taxi folia ( 1'oi r . ) 



Klill.) 



Height, 300 feet + ; diame- 

 ter, 10 feet +. 



26. HEMLOCK 



(Tisuya canademtis (Linn.) Carr.) 



Height, feet | : diame- 

 ter, 3 feet -f. 



27. WESTERX HEMLOCK. 



(Tsuga merttnaiana (Bong.) 

 Carr.) 



Height, 180 feet + ; diame- 

 ter, 6 feet +. 



Regions of abundant growth. 



Unekv Mmmt;iin region lul'aeil 

 \vi.ie range; tunning forests. 



Heat development in Western Ore- 



lesi development in W 



gon and \Vashinut ;! 



Northern and Extern States, tann- 

 ing forests. 



Best development probably in 

 Canada. 



Northwestern States, between 

 1,000 and 4,000 feet. 



Best development in western Ore- 

 gon and Washington. 



Soil and climate, and characteristics of growth. 



Accommodates itself to many soils, lint prefers a deep and moist 

 cool and well-drained one; succeeds well on a dry. slaty soil, 

 and on sand dunes and exposed situations. 



Surpasses almost all of the conifers in the rafiilitfiof it a growth, 

 and endures drought better than most of them : shadt-enditi'- 

 ing. 



One of the largest and most important forest trees .of the West. 

 For Eastern planting seed should be procured from Colorado 

 or Mimtan;i. Kepairs damage very readily. 



Light, alluvial loam, well-drained, but cool and moist situa- 

 tions. 



Grows slowly when young, but tolerably rapiuly after four or 

 live years; endures shade. 



Excellent nurse tree for White Pine, with which it is usually 

 associated. 



A substitute for the above species on the Pacific coast. 

 An exceedingly rapid grower, even on poor soils. 



Very shade-enduring, forming large part of the undergrowth in 

 its habitat. 



V. DECIDTTOCS CONIFERS. Though hotanically not classed together, yet in forestry they may he considered 

 allied, as the yearly fall of leaves improves the soil, while the absence of foliage during the winter and early spring 

 distinguishes them from the evergreens, and their extreme need of light requires similar forest management. The 

 Larches are of Northern or mountain habitat and the Bald Cypress of local southern distribution ; hut are all adapted 

 to various situations. The European Larch probably surpasses the Northeastern Tamarack in every respect. 



Characteristics. Larches: Loaves in clusters, slender, and soft. Cones small, egg-shaped, or elongated, with 

 thin scales. Seeds small, triangular, nut-like in shape; mature the first year. Produces seed frequently and 

 abundantly. Seeds keep well, but are of low percentage of germination. 



Bald Cypress: Leaves single, sharp-pointed, very small and scanty, comb-like in the arrangement on the young 

 twigs. Cones ball-like, with thick, woody scales, falling apart when mature. Seeds irregularly triangular-shaped, 

 with hard, thick, wood-like shell; mature yearly abundantly, and keep well. 



