SOUTHERN LUMBER PINES. 05 



ET NAMES. 



The various names under which Southern pine lumber appears in the market are either 

 general or specific; the former being more or less general in application to lumber manufactured 

 in the South, without reference to special localities, the latter referring to special localities from 

 which the lumber is actually or presumably derived. In regard to the latter class of names it is 

 to be regretted, perhaps, that they have been found necessary, the more because through their use 

 not a few misconceptions and difficulties have arisen between consumers, manufacturers, and 

 wholesale dealers, owing to the difficulty in defining what tree species furnish lumber included by 

 such name or names. 



The uninitiated may not understand that the various kinds of pine lumber manufactured in 

 different States, although called by a specific name, may, after all, be of the same species and the 

 same in all respects. "Florida long-leaved yellow pine" or "Florida pine" is in no way different 

 from that cut and manufactured in Georgia under the distinctive name of "Georgia long-leaved 

 yellow pine"' or "Georgia pine." The question as to any difference of quality dependent upon 

 locality of growth is as yet undecided. 



The market names given to the various pines, uncertain as to their precise application in the 

 minds of those that use them, or at least at variance with the conception of other authorities, are 

 the following: 



General Yellow pine, Southern yellow pine, Southern pine, long-leaved yellow pine, long- 

 leaved pine, hard pine, pitch-pine. 



HpiTijii- Virginia yellow pine, Virginia pine, North Carolina yellow pine, North Carolina pine, 

 Georgia yellow pine, Georgia pitch pine, Georgia pine, Georgia longleaf yellow, Georgia long leaved 

 pine, Florida yellow pine, Florida pine, Florida long-leaved pine, Texas yellow pine, Texas long- 

 leaved pine. 



The names "yellow pine," "Southern pine," seem first of all to be used as generic names, 

 without distinction as to species. In the quotations from Western markets only "yellow pine" 

 and "long-leaved yellow pine" or "long-leaved pine" are distinguished; the first name seemingly 

 being now always used when "sliortleaf" is meant, although it is also applied by advertisers from 

 the longleaf- pine region to their product. In a market report of a leading lumber journal we find 

 that "in the yellow pine line, lougleaf, sliortleaf, and curly pine can be bought," which would show 

 that the attempt to distinguish the two kinds by their proper names is made. Curly pine, how- 

 ever, is in most cases longleaf pine with a wavy or curly grain, a sport, which is also found in the 

 sliortleaf species. Loblolly seems not to be quoted in the Western markets'. 



Formerly, while the longle;if pine was the only pine reaching the markets, it was commonly 

 known under the name of "yellow pine," but now the supply under this name may be made up of 

 all the species indiscriminately. In Texas and Louisiana "yellow pine" designates the longleaf 

 species, in Arkansas and Missouri the sliortleaf, while there the name "longleaf" is applied to 

 the "loblolly," which is rarely cut. 



In Florida, the Carolinas, and Georgia the name "yellow pine" is also used with less distinctive 

 application. In Florida, besides the Cuban pine, which is never distinguished on the market, 

 loblolly may also appear iu the lumber pile. In Georgia and the Carolinas, although locally the 

 name "yellow pine" is most frequently applied to the shortleaf, in the market a mixture of long- 

 leaf, sliortleaf, loblolly, and Cuban pine satisfies the name. 



In England, where probably nothing but longleaf pine is handled, the current name is " pitch- 

 pine," and this name is also most commonly used in Georgia and North and South Carolina, strictly 

 applying to longleaf pine. In Boston only Southern and hard pine is mentioned without dis- 

 tinction. It is in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other Atlantic markets that the greatest 

 variety of names is used, with an attempt to distinguish two kinds, the longleaf and shortleaf, by 

 using the name of the State from which the lumber is supposed to come, but neither the name nor 

 the lumber pile agree always with the species that was to be represented. 



"North Carolina pine," which is supposed to apply specifically to shortleaf, will be found to 

 include in the pile also better qualities of loblolly, sometimes to the amount of 50 per cent. Loug- 

 leaf forms only very occasionally a part of the supplies from this section. 



"Georgia pine" is meant to designate the longleaf species, and, like "Florida pine," does 

 mostly conform to this designation except as noted before under the name of yellow pine. 

 H. Doc. 181 - 5 



