AMERICAN WOODS. 



103 



The ashes, elms, hickories, and oaks may, <m casual observation, appear to resemble OHO another on account of 

 the pronounced /one of porous spring wood. The sharply defined large pith rays of 1lio oak exclude (hose at once; 

 the wavy lines of pores iu the summer wood, appearing as conspicuous, finely feathered hatchings on tangential 

 section, distinguish the elms; while the ashes differ from the hickory by the very conspicuously denned /one of 

 spring-wood pores, which in hickory appear more 1 or less interrupted. The reddish hue of the hickory and the more 

 or less brown hue of the ash may also aid in ready recognition. The smooth, radial surface of split hickory will 

 readily separate it 1'rom the, rest. 



-drfti 









A 



B 



FiG.8. Wood of a.sh: A, black ash ; B, white ah; O, green ash. 



FIG. 9. wood of red oak. (For white o; 





Flo. 10. Wood of chestnut. 



The different species of nsli may be identified as follows: 



1. Pores iu the summer wood more or less united into lines. 



a. The lines short and broken, occurring mostly near the limit of the ring. 

 l>. The Hues quite long and conspicuous in most parts of the summer wood. 



. ll'liile Hull. 

 . (irceii ath. 



