74 



GLANDULE SOLITARIiE. 



but with those of the different salivary glands. He found them 

 lo diminish gradually in number, towards the lower end of the 

 duodenum, so that none could be observed farther down than 

 the commencement of the jejunum. Dr. Boehm has verified 

 these observations of Cruveilhier, and shown that they are little 

 solid glands, formed of several minute lobules, each of which is 

 found to be cellular ; and that all the cells of each gland open 

 by a common orifice. 



— The third and fourth order of glands, the glandula solitaria 

 and the glandulce agminatcB, (constituting the second class see p. 

 71,) are met with only in the alimentary canal. The latter are 

 almost entirely in the lower half of the small intestines : and it 

 has been rendered questionable by the researches of Boehm and 

 Miiller, whether the solitary glands of the small intestines do 

 not differ materially from those met with in the stomach and 

 large intestines. 



— The solitary glands are found at the end of the small intes- 

 tine, in the large intestine, and a few along the lesser curvature 

 of the stomach. They present the appearance of small gran- 

 Fig. 141. ulations of the size of millet seed, which 



projects slightly on the internal surface of the 

 mucous membrane. Neither Boehm, nor 

 Miiller, who has verified all Boehm's re- 

 searches by his own use of the microscope, 

 have been able to discover in the undiseased 

 WmmBk state, any opening to the solitary glands of 

 the small intestine. But when ulcerated in tubercular affections, 

 or in dothinenteritis, the cavity is exposed. Fig. 141, is a mag- 

 nified representation of one of the solitary follicles or saccuh of 



the small intestines after 

 Boehm. It has no apparent 

 orifice; it is studded with 

 villi, and round it are seen 

 the orifices of Lieberkuhn's 

 follicles. 

 — In the large intestines, the orifices of these follicles are readily 

 discovered. B, is a representation of one of the solitary follicles 



Fig. 142. 



:9 



HAHjjII^^ 



