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GLAfJDULAR SUBSTANCE OF THE LIVER. 



all the surface is injected in this manner, it has the color of 

 the substance injected ; as is the case with parts which are very 

 vascular, when the blood-vessels are injected. 



The deep-seated lymphatics are also very numerous in the 

 liver, and communicate freely with the superficial. 



The superficial lymphatics, which are on the upper surface, 

 proceed through the diaphragm into the thorax in their course 

 to the thoracic duct. Those which are deep-seated emerge 

 from the liver at the portae, where the great vessels enter, and 

 unite with the thoracic duct in the abdomen, after passing 

 through several glands. The lymphatics of the lower surface 

 unite with the deep-seated. 



The glandular or parenchymatous substance of the liver is 

 of a reddish-brown color, and moderately firm consistence. 

 When it is cut into, the cut surface exhibits the sections of the 

 branches of the different blood-vessels above mentioned, and of 

 the excretory ducts. These vessels are often distinguishable 

 from each other. The section of the biliary duct appears the 

 thickest ; that of the artery next ; the vena portarum is next in 

 order; and, last of all, the venae hepaticae. 



The branches of the vena portarum are surrounded by cellu- 

 lar substance, or Glisson's capsule ; and, therefore, adhere less 

 to the substance of the liver than the branches of the hepatic 

 veins. The sections of the hepatic ducts have often bile in 

 them, and are, therefore, termed pori biliarii. The branches of 

 the artery are also very distinguishable. 



When the Internal substance of the liver is brought into 

 view, and examined accurately, it appears to be formed of 

 small bodies, or acini, which are distinguishable from each 

 other. If the liver happens to be torn or lacerated, the lacer- 

 ated surfaces are rough and irregular, owing to the separation of 

 these acini from each other.* 



* The acini are so named from a fancied resemblance to grape or raisin seeds. 

 Between these acini, there is usually a minute quantity of fatty matter, the 

 existence of which is proved by the destructive analysis of the organ. In 

 tubercular phthisis, especially in females, it occasionally accumulates so as to 

 form what is called the fatty liver, which presents a mottled appearance, and 

 resembles much the livers of the shark, cod, and other oily fishes. — p. 



