EMULGENT, CAPSULAR, AND ADIPOSE ARTERIES. 291 



The Emulgent or Renal Arteries 



Are the large vessels which pass from the aorta to the kid- 

 neys. They arise between the superior and inferior mesenteries 

 one on each side ; and proceed in a direction which is nearly 

 rectangular to the aorta. The right emulgent artery is neces- 

 sarily longer than the left, and it generally passes behind the 

 vena cava. When they approach near the concave edges of 

 the kidneys, each emulgent commonly divides into three or 

 four branches, which pass into the fissure of that organ, and 

 ramify in the manner described in the account of it. Some- 

 times two arteries proceed from the aorta to the kidney ; but 

 this is not a frequent occurrence. 



The Capsular or Supra-renal Arteries 



Are the small vessels which pass to the glandulae renales. 

 There are almost always two or more of them appropriated to 

 each gland. They often arise on each side from the coeliac 

 artery, or from the emulgent, but more usually they come off 

 from the aorta. 



The Adipose Arteries 



Supply the adipose substance surrounding the kidneys. 

 There are several of them on each side, and, like the last men- 

 tioned arteries, they are very small, and arise from several 

 sources as well as from the aorta. 



The testicles and ovaries are supplied by the 



Spermatic Arteries, 



Which are very remarkable for their great length and small 

 diameter. In a majority of cases, these vessels arise from the 

 anterior surface of the aorta, a little below the emulgents : but 

 it often happens that the left spermatic arises from the emul- 

 gent on that side. They also sometimes arise from other 

 neighboring arteries. It has been observed, when they arise 

 from the aorta, that the origin of one of them is generally 

 hisher than that of the other. 



