52 TERMS USED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF BONES AND JOINTS. 



If a process has a spherical form, it is called a head. If the 

 head is flattened on the sides, it is denominated a condyle. 



A rough protuberance is called a tuberosity. A ridge on the 

 surface of a bone is called a spine. 



The term apophysis, is nearly synonymous with process. It 

 signifies a protuberance that has grown out of the bone, and is 

 used in opposition to the term epiphysis, which signifies a por- 

 tion of bone growing upon another, but distinct and separable 

 from it ; as is the case in infancy with the extremities of the 

 long bones. 



The cavities on the surfaces of bones are named in the same 

 way, as will appear by a reference to the glossary at the end of 

 this work. 



Words of this kind have been used most profusely in the 

 descriptions of articulations, and here also their utility is doubt- 

 ful. Therefore, for many terms used on this occasion, the reader 

 is referred to the glossary ; but the following are necessary to 

 be understood. 



Symphysis does not merely imply the concretion of bones 

 originally separate, as its derivation imports ; but it is under- 

 stood also to mean the connexion of bones by intermediate 

 substances. Thus, there are three species of symphysis, 

 particularly noticed, viz. 



Synchondrosis, when bones are connected to each other by 

 cartilage ; as the ribs and sternum. 



Synneurosis, when they are connected by ligaments, as in the 

 movable articulations. 



Syssarcosis, when they are connected by muscle. The different 

 articulations are of two kinds, viz. Synarthrosis and Diar- 

 throsis. 



Synarthrosis is the name of that kind of articulation which 

 does not admit of motion. There are three species of synar- 

 throsis, viz. 



Suture, when the indented edges of the two bones are received 

 into each other, as is the case with the bones of the cra- 

 nium. 



