162 ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. 



abnormal form of the cultivated clove. Rumphius says 

 that C. sylvestre has no aromatic properties ; now, as 

 a rule, the aromatic properties are more developed in the 

 wild plants of a species than in the cultivated plants. 

 Sonnerat ^ also publishes figures of the true clove and of 

 a spurious clove found in a small island near the country 

 of the Papuans. It is easy to see that his false clove 

 difters completely by its blunt leaves from the true clove, 

 and also from the two species of Rumphius. I cannot 

 make up my mind to class all these different plants, wild 

 and cultivated, together, as all authors have done.^ It 

 is especially necessary to exclude plate 120 of Sonnerat, 

 which is admitted in the Botanical Magazine. An 

 historical account of the cultivation of the clove, and of 

 its introduction into different countries, will be found in 

 the last-named work, in the Dictionnaire d' Agriculture, 

 and in the dictionaries of natural history. 



If it be true, as Roxburgh says,^ that the Sanskrit 

 language had a name, hivunga, for the clove, the trade 

 in this spice must date from a very early epoch, even 

 supposing the name to be more modern than the true 

 Sanskrit. But I doubt its genuine character, for the 

 Romans would have known of a substance so easily trans- 

 ported, and it does not appear that it was introduced 

 into Europe before the discovery of the Moluccas by the 

 Portuguese. 



Hop — Humulus Lttpulus, Linnseus. 



The hop is wild in Europe from England and Sweden 

 as far south as the mountains of the Mediterranean basin, 

 and in Asia as far as Damascus, as the south of the 

 Caspian Sea, and of Eastern Siberia,* but it is not found in 

 India, the north of China, or the basin of the river Amur.^ 



• Sonnerat, Voy. Nouv. G%dn., tab. 119, 120. 



• Thnnberg, Diss., ii. p. 326 ; De Candolle, Prodr., iii. p. 262 ; Hooker, 

 Bot. Mag., tab. 2749 ; Hasskarl, Cat. Hort. Bogor. Alt, p. 261. 



• Roxburgh, Flora Indica, edit. 1832, vol. ii. p. 194. 



• Alph. de Candolle, in Prodromus, vol. xvi., sect. 1, p. 29 ; Boissier, 

 Ft. Orient. ,iv. p. 1152; Hohenacker, Enum. Plant. Talysch, -p. SO; Bnhse 

 Aufzdhlung Transcaucasien, p. 202. 



• An erroneous transcription of what Asa Gray (Botany of North. 

 United States, edit. 5) says of the hemp, wrongly attributed to the bop 

 in Prodromus, and repeated in the French edition of this work, should 



