I20 



NATURE 



[December i, 1692 



ditions. The most favourable conditions for exuberant growth 

 of flowers are a moist soil and dry air, especially the latter. — 

 Researches on the mode of production of perfume in flowers, by 

 M. E. Mesnard. By the action of pure hydrochloric acid on 

 sections immersed in strongly-sweetened glycerine, the essential 

 oils are easily separated. It is found that the oil is generally 

 located in the epidermic cellules of the upper surfaces of the 

 petals or sepals. In every case the oils appear to have been 

 derived from chlorophyll. The perfume is not given off until 

 the oil is sufficiently freed from the intermediate products, and 

 it exhibits some inverse relation to the amount of tannin and 

 pigment produced in the flower. — On the existence of a conidian 

 apparatus in the Uredinei, by M. Paul Vuillemin. — On the 

 presence of Actinocamax in the Pyrenaean chalk, by MM 

 Roussel and de Grossouvre. — Stratigraphic consequences of the 

 preceding communication, by M. A. de Grossouvre. — On the 

 formation of the Arve valley, by M. Emile Haug. — On an ex- 

 periment which appears to produce an artificial imitation of the 

 doubling of the canals of Mars, by M. Stanislas Meunier. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



London. 



THURSDA y, December i. 

 LiNNEAN Society, at 8.— -Notes on CEcodoma cephalotes and the Fungi 

 it Cultivates : J. H. Hart.— On a Small Collection of Crinoids from the 

 Sahul Bank, North Australia: Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell.— Descriptions of 

 Twenty-six New Species of Land Shells from Borneo : E. A. Smith. 

 Chemical Society, ai 8 —On the Formation of Orcinol and other Con- 

 densation Products from Dehydracetic Acid : J. Norman Collie. — Isola- 

 tion of Two Predicted Hydrates of Nitric Acid ; S. U. Pickering.— An- 

 hydrous Oxalic Acid: W. W. Fisher.— Observations on the Origin of 

 Colour and of Fluorescence : W. N. Hartley.— The Origin of Colour— Azo- 

 bensiene : H. E. Armstrong.— The Reduction Products of aa' dimethyl 

 aa' diacetylpentane : Dr. Kipping.- The Products of the Action of 

 Sulphuric Acid on Camphor : Drs. Armstrong an d Kipping. — Methods 

 for Showing the Spectra of easily Volatile Metals and their Salts, and of 

 Separating their Spectra from those of the Alkaline Earths : W. N 

 Hartley. 

 Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8.— Experimental Researches 

 on Alternate Current Transformers: Prof. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S. (Dis- 

 cussion.) 

 London Institution, at 6.— Photographs of Flying Bullets, &c. (Illus- 

 trated): Prof. C. V. Boys, F.R.S. 



SUNDAY, December 4. 



Sunday Lecture Society, at 4 —Bacteria and Infectious Diseases (with 



Oxy-hydrogen Lantern Illustrations) : Dr. E. E. Klein, F.R.S. 



MONDAY, Decembers. 



Society of Arts, at 8.— The Generation of Light from Coal Gas : Prof. 



Vivian B. Lewes. 

 Victoria Institute, at 8.— Principles of Rank among Animals: Prof. 



Parker. 

 Society of Chemical Industry, at 8.— A New Form of Filter Press for 

 Laboratory Use : C. C. Hutchinson.— The Production of Acetic Acid 

 from the Carb ihydrates : Messrs. Cross and Bevan.— Electrolytic Soda 

 and Chlorine ; the Present Aspects of the Question : Messrs. Cross and 

 Bevan. 

 London Institution, at 5.— Reading as a Recreation : Edmund Gosse. 

 Royal Institution, at 5.— General Monthly Meeting. 

 Aristotelian Society, at 8.— Symposium— Does Law in Nature exclude 

 the Possibility of Miracle? R. J. Ryle, Rev. C. J. Shebbeare, A. F. 

 Shand. 



TUESDAY, December 6. 

 Zoological Society, at 8.30.— A Revision of the Genera of the Alcyo- 

 naria Stolonifera, with Descriptions of One New Genus and several New 

 Species : Sydney J. Hickson.— Upon the Convolutions of the Cerebral 

 Hemispheres in Certain Rodents: F. E. Beddard, F.R.S.— On a New 

 Monkey from South-East Sumatra': Prof. Collett. 

 Institution of Civil Knginekrs, at 8. -Monthly Ballot for Members.— 

 The Manufacture of Small Arms : John Rigby. (Discussion.) 

 WEDNESDAY, December 7. 

 Geological Society, at 8. —Note on the Nufenen-stock (Lepontine Alps): 

 Prof. T. G. Bonney, F.R.S.— On some SAistose "Greenstones" and 

 Allied Hornblendic Schists from the Pennine Alps, as Illustrative of 

 the Effects of Pressure- Metamorphism : Prof. T. G. Bonney, F.R.S— On 

 a Secondary Development of Biotite and of Hornblende in Crystalline 

 Schists from the Binnenthal : Prof. T. G. Bonney, F.R.S.— Geological 

 Notes on the Bndgewater District in Eastern Ontario : J. H. Collins. 

 Society of Arts, at 8.— The Chicago Exhibition, 1893 : James Dredge. 

 Entomological Society, at 7.— Further Observations upon Lepidoptera 

 (Illustrated by the Oxy-hydrogen Lantern): Edward B. Poulton. F R.S. 

 —The Effects of Temperature on the Colouring of Pieris napi, Vanessa 

 atalanta, Chrysophanus phloeas, and Tephrosia punctulata : Frederic 

 Merrifield.— Notes on Hydroptilidae belonging to the European Fauna, with 

 Descnpti .ns of New Species ; Kenneth J. Morton. (Communicated by 

 Robert McLachlan, F.R.S.)— On some Neglected Points in the Structure 

 of the Pupa of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, and their Probible Value in 

 Classification ; with some As .ociated Observations on Larval Prolegs : 

 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman.— Description of a New Species of 

 Butterfly, of the Genus Calinaga, from Siam ; James C)smo MelviU. 

 THURSDAY, December 8. 

 Royal Soosty, at 4.30.— On the Phot )graphic Spectra of some of the 

 Brighter Stars: Prof. J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S.— Experiments in 

 Examination of the Peripheral Distribution of the Fibres of the Posterior 



Roots of .some Spinal Nerves : Dr. Sherrington. — Preliminary Account of 

 the Nephridia and Body Cavity of the Larva of Palsemonetes varians : 

 Edgar J. Allen. 



Mathematical Society, at 8.— Note on Cauchy's Condensation Test 

 for the Convergency of Series : Prof. M. J. M. Hill. — Additional Note 

 on Secondary Tucker Circles : T. Griffiths. — Notes on Determinants : J. 

 E. Campbell. — A Geometrical Note ; R. Tucker. 



London Institution, at 7. A 1 lea for Catholicity of Taste in Music 

 (Illustrated) : Sir Joseph Barnby. 



SATURDAY, December 10. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, 2 to 4.— Students' Visit to the Ma- 

 chinery and Inventions Division, South Kensington Museum. 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED 



Books. — Berzelius und Liebig, Briefwechsel 1 831-1845 (Miinchen, Leh- 

 mann).— A Short Manual of Orthopoedy, Part I. : H. Bigg (Churchill) — 

 Congtes International de Zoologie, Deux Session a Moscou : Premiere 

 Partie (Moscou). — Congres International d'Archdologie. ii-eme Session a 

 Moscou, vol. I (Moscou). — A Catalogue of British Jurassic Gasteropoda: 

 W. H. Hudleston and E. Wilson (Oulau). — Annuaire de I'Observatoire 

 Municipal de Montsouris, i892--g3 (Paris, Gauthier-Villars). — Les Textiles 

 V^g^taux : H. Lecomte (Paris. Gauthier-Villars). — Essais d'Or et d' Argent : 

 H. Gautier (Paris, Gauthier-Villars).— Past and Future: C M. Jessop (K. 

 Paul). — Toothed Gearing : A Foreman Pattern Maker (C. Lockwood). — 

 Modern Views of Electricity, 2nd edition : Prof. O. J. Lodge (Macmillan). 

 — The Universal Atlas, Pan 21 (Cassell). — Grasses of the Pacific Slope, 

 Part I : Dr. G. Vasey (Washington). — Das Keimplasma, Eine Theorie des 

 Vererbung : Prof. A. Weismann (Jena, Fischer). — DieZelle unddieGewebe : 

 Prof. O. Hertwig (Jena, Fischer). — Extinct Monsters • Rev. H. N. Hutchin- 

 son (Chapman and Hall). — Th» Algebra of Coplanar Vectors and Trigono- 

 metry : R. B. Hayward (Macmillan). — Science in Arcady ; Grant Allen 

 (Lawrence and BuUen). — The Chemical Basis of the Animal Body : Dr. A. 

 Sheridan Lea (Macmillan). 



Pamphlets. — Quelle est la Race la plus Anciennede la Russie Cenlrale : 

 A. Bogdanow (Moscou). — Descriptive Notes on certain Implements, Weapons, 

 ike, from Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, &c. : A. Mackenzie. — 

 Notes on the Shuswap People of British Columbia : G. M. Dawson. — Some 

 Laws of Heredity and their Application to Man: S S. Buckman (Glouces- 

 ter). — Sur la Constitution des Depots Quaternaires en Russie et_ leur 

 relations au Tiouvilles Resultant de I'Activit^ de 1' Homme Prehistorique : 

 S. Nikitin (Moscou). — Ueber die Entwicklung von Milz und Pankreas : Dr. 

 C. von Kupffer (Miinchen). — Verg.-Anatomische Studien iiber die Nerven 

 des Armes und der Hand: Dr. W. Hofer (Miinchen). — Die Lendennerven 

 der Affen und des Menschen : Dr. A. Utschneider (Miinchen). — Ueber das 

 Vorkommen Offener Schlundspalten ; Dr. E. Tettenhamer (Miinchen). 



Serials.— Mittn. der Deutschen Gcsellschaft fiir Natur und Volkerkunde 

 ( istasiens in Tokio, 50 Hett (Tokio). — Traill Encyc. de Photographic, 

 Premier Supplement: A cinquieme fascicule, C- Fabre (Paris, Gauthier- 

 Villars).-- Natural Science, Dfcr. (Macmillan). — A Monograph of Oriental 

 Cicadidae, Part 7 : W. L. Distant (London). 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



Chemical Lecture Experiments. By Sir Henry E. 



Roscoe, F.R.S 97 



A Manual of Photography. By W. J. L g8 



Matriculation Chemistry . . . . • 99 



Our Book Shelf:— 



Cooke: "Vegetable Wasps and Plant Worms; a 

 Popular History of Entomogenous Fungi, or Fungi 



Parasitic upon Insects " , 99 



Nayudu : " Notes on Qualitative Chemical Analysis " 100 



" Science Instruments " 100 



Letters to the Editor : — 



Universities and Research,— Prof. George Francis 



Fitzgerald, F.R.S 100 



The Stars and the Nile.— Captain H. G. Lyons, 



R.E loi 



A Palaeozoic Ice Age.— W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. ; 



Henry F. Blanford, F.R.S loi 



Geology of Scotland.— Prof. Grenville A. J. Cole loi 



British Earthworms.— William Blaxland Benham 102 



Egyptian Figs. — Rev. George Henslow 102 



Iridescent Colours.— Baron C. R. Osten Sacken . 102 



The Afterglow. — Soreno E. Bishop 102 



Osmotic Pressure. By J. W. Rodger 103 



A Sanitarian's Travels. {Illustrated.) 105 



Gauss and Weber 106 



The Anniversary of the Royal Society 106 



Notes Ill 



Our Astronomical Column:— 



Comet Holmes (November 6, 1892) 114 



A Bright Comet 114 



Astronomical Instruments up to Date 114 



Motion of /8 Persei 115 



Proper Motions 115 



Geographical Notes 115 



Mr. Joseph Thomson's Journey to Lake Bangweolo 115 



University and Educational Intelligence 116 



Societies and Academies 116 



Diary of Societies • 120 



Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received 120 



NO. 1205, VOL. 47] 



