542 



NATURE 



[April 7, 1892 



to hope that at least a basis of operations has been 

 found. May I also venture to ask that any other investi- 

 gators who may not have already been working on this 

 subject will do me the favour of allowing me for a time 

 to continue my researches alone— so far, that is, as con- 

 cerns the Lepidoptera, both imagines and larvae — for I 



am planning various lines of research suggested by my 

 previous work. As to the various other orders of insects, 

 I shall be delighted if other workers who may have 

 opportunities, that I have not, of obtaining abundant 

 material, will take up the work, and determine how far my 

 conclusions will hold for these other orders also. 



Tables of Results. 



Initial 



( f Name of species. 



group. 



■Natural colour. 



Effect of reagents. 



Apatura irh \ 



Trepsiclirois lin- 



n<ei , 



Hypolimnas bolind 



Rich purple 

 velvet glow 



Hypolimnas sala-\ yiole 



Papilio — si.\ spe-| 



cies / 



Morpho menelans 

 Papilio machaon 

 Liwenitis sibylla 

 Sme-finthus ocella-\ 



tus I 



Calocala fraxini 

 Vanessa — i^jwt spe-) 



cies / 



Lyca-f(a—fi\e spe-1 



cies / 



Parthenos gambri-\ 

 sius (upper sur4 

 lace) ] 



Hesperia sp. -^ 



Urania fulgens 

 Papilio polyeior \ 



Parthenos gambri\ 

 sius (below) / 



Limeuitis procris 



Ino statices, &c. 



Argy tints paphiaA 

 &c. \ 



Thecla rtibi -j 



Papilio-iour spe-V 



cies ) 



Eromia argia - ; 

 H alias prasinana \ 

 M. orion; and D.X 



aprilina f 



J.areutia, &c.— | 



several species j 

 Cidaria miata, \ 



&c. /! 



Torlrix viridana [ 

 Euchloe carda-Y 



mines ]\ 



Bright and pale 



blues. 

 Brilliant blue 

 Dullish blue 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Dull blue 

 Blue 



Chiefly unaltered ; gloss 



destroyed by KHO. 

 The glow much dulled. 



[The glow much dulled or 

 \ unaltered. 



Dull steel blue. 



/Bronze ; leaf brown ; or 



( steel blue; &c. 

 i Less brilliant. 

 , Greyish. 

 I Do. 



! Greyish or unaltered, 

 i No marked alteration. 

 i/Paler or unaltered; de- 

 \ slroyed in \'. antiopa. 

 /Usually slate colour ; occa 

 it ^WTVSiWy greenish. ! 



Metallic green 



Dark metallic 



green 

 Do. 

 Bronze yellow 



green 

 Sage green 



Do. 



Glittering green 



Deep foliage- 



/Purplish brcnze or 

 ( blackish. 



[Do. 

 Do. 

 yBrownish or blackish. 



Dun grey. 

 Bronze brown. 



green 

 Leaf green 

 Very pale green' 



Smerinthiis, &c. — \ 



several species / 

 Deiopeia bella i 



Actias bma ] 



A ttaciis Cynthia 

 Hepialus hnviuli \ 

 Hyria auroraria ' 

 Aristelia ntbricata | 

 Pamassius apollo 

 Delias hierte and) 



eiicharis ]\ 



Papilio— vATious \ 



species / 



Zygtrna Jilipen-\ 



dulce / 



A rctia caia \ 



Euchelia jacobetp \ 

 Catocala nitpti i 



Xanthia silago i 



Papilio vertnmnns\ 



and constolochia j 

 Heliconius amaryl-\ 



lis |i 



A nartia amalthea \ 

 Vanessa atalanta \ 



Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Pseudo-green 



Do. * 

 Do. * 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Red * 

 Red (*) 

 Crimson, scar- 

 let, &c. . * 

 Red * 

 Do. * 

 Do. » 

 Do. * 

 Reddish 



Pale red * 



Brown, //^^ upper surface. 

 /Whitish ; white ; or 

 i( yellow. 



jiPaler or whitish. 

 I (Whitish ; ochre yellow ii;| 

 ( one case. i 



White. ' 



jlWhite; occasionally 

 I >■ yellowish white. | 



I Brownish grey. 

 I Whitish. 

 i Black. 



Yellow or yellowish. 



Yellow. 



Do. 



Colourless or faded. 



Faint orange. 



Yellowish or whitish. 



Dunnish colour. 



Orange. 



Yellow : then white. 



Yellow, orange, &c. 



Orange. 

 I Do. 

 ! Do. 

 i Do. 



Yellow. 

 /Pale ochrish or bread 



( colour. 



Blown: finally white. 



Chestnut. 



A "far^«/" brown. 



Initial 



of Name of species, 



group. 



Papilio machaon 

 Heliconius amaryl-\ 

 lis I 



Catopsilia catilla V 

 Vanessa antiopa -j 



Charaxes athamas 

 Teiiias nise and / 



vabella 

 Delias eucharis\ 



and hierte 

 H ebomoia glaucippe 

 Colias ed-iisa 

 Gonepteryx cleo- \ 

 patra f 



Hazis sp. i 



Euchloc carda-i 

 mines ^ 



Gonepteryx cleo \ 

 patra ' 



Gonepteryx rhamnii 

 Colias hyale 

 Polyomiuaiiis \ 

 alexis \ 



Natural colour. 



Hepialus hjimuli 

 Kn 



craioegatai 



Camptogramma \ 

 bilineata / 



H} ria auroraria 

 A braxas grossn 

 lariata 



Palish yellow 

 Very pale yellow 

 Light sulphur 

 Dull palish 



yellow 

 Light sulphur 



Not 

 Lemon yellow 



Yellow 



Deep orange 

 Rich yellow t 

 Bright brim- 

 stone 

 Deep yellow 

 Not 



Rich orange 



Do. 



Bright brim- 

 stone t 

 Pale brimstone 1 

 Orange 



Effect of reagents. 



White. 



Do.r 



Do. 

 |whitish. 



J-White or towards whitish, 

 |Pure white. 



Do. 



Perfectly transparent. 



Pure white. 

 j j-Practically white. 

 [■Unaffected or nearly white 



Venilia maculata 

 Angerona pru- \ 



liar i a j 



Papilio asterias 

 Ornithoptera dar-\ 



sius j 



Endryas grata 

 Tithonea haumoni 



Dullish yellow 

 Pale brimstone 



Not 

 Dull orange 



Not 

 Dull yellow 



\ Palish orange 

 Yellow 



Brownish 



orange No t 

 Orange yellow 

 Crocus gold 



Yellow 

 Do. No 



i /Through brimstone to 

 1 1 white. 



Towards whitish. 



Lighter or fairly white. ' 

 1 ^Scarcely affected or to- 

 j\ wards whitish. 

 I/Sickly yellowish ; nearly 

 \ transparent. 

 ! >Towards whitish. 

 I >Towards or whitish. 

 \ Whitish or white. 

 j Towards white or white. 



I /Unaffected, or paler, cr 

 t white. 



I/Dulled or unaffected. 

 \ Usually unaltered. 

 iJPractically unaltered ; but 

 I v some probably dissolved . 



/Transparent or rather 



•• faded. 



/Much paler, or towards 



I, whitish. 



ly 



The following yellow or orange-yellow .species are almost or 



unaffected : — 

 (R.) Papilio thoas, polyxencs, &nA philenor ; (h.) Deiopeia beMa, Calli- 

 orpha hera (no +), Arctia villica. Citherona regalia; (N.) Xanthict 



silago, Tripha;na pronuba (no t), Heliaca tenebrata. 



Vanessa io and) 

 antiopa \ 



V. urtica 



A rgynnis paphid\ 



and selene / 



Dana is chrysippns\ 



and hegesippus j 



A thyma nejta 



Cccnonyinpha pam-\ 



phi la J 



I Hesperia sylvanus 



I Ey.aena4pkldeas an(i\ 



virganrea ) 



j P'anessa cardui 



Epinephile tithonus\ 



I SiiiAjanira ] 



Saiynts megcera 



A tella phalanta 



A thyma penus 

 Seletiia illustra. 



Chocolate 

 Richchestnutish 

 Rich chestnut 



Do. 



Dull chestnut 



Pale chestnut 



Chestnut 



Brilliant copper 



Chestnut 



Do. 



Yellow chestnut 



Rich chestnut 

 ! Rich chestnut 

 I Yello- 



Blackish. N.B. 



Whitish. 



/Whitish ; faded ; or 

 i nothing. 



/Very faded ; or whit 

 I grey. 



White or transparent. 



Whitish or white. 

 Faded or white. 



hili^^ 



Much faded or ' 

 Faded or whitish. 

 Faded more or less. 

 Little faded only. 

 /Faded or very faded in* 

 \ deed. 

 Very faded indeed, 

 chestnut' DuUtd. 

 Deep chestnut Ucarcely affected. 

 ,, and chocolate J ■' 



;es are chiefly or wholly unaffected : — 

 {S.) Philampelas athcmon, Darapsa myion ; (K.) Dionepassijicjif ; (B). 

 Orgyia antigna, Bimbyx qnercus ; (N.) Or:hosia macilenta, JIdamestra 

 oleracea ; (G.) Cidaria siiffumata, Coremiaferrvgata aud mmutata. 



G. 



The following spec 



' These tables afford only a very condensed summary of results ; for fuller details vide Entotnologist. The initials R., B., N., G., S., I. in first columa 

 signify respectively Rhopalocera, Bombyces, Noctuffi, Geometia;, Sphingidae, and Tortrices. The asterisk (*) agamst various red speciessignifies reversion, 

 effect," and the mark t against certain yellow sptcies that the "cyanide effect "has betn obtained ; similarly. No t that no cyanide effect can be obtained^ 

 with that species. „ ., ^ ^ ^ 



F. H. PERRY COSTE. 



NO. 



171, VOL. 45] 



