PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS. 



273 



for we must remember that the course of evolution not only has 

 been, but must be, towards the other. 



Among animals low down in the organic series there often 

 occurs, as we have already noticed, a close association between 

 mother and offspring. Even in some coelenterates, worms, and 

 echinoderms, the offspring cling about the mother animals, and 

 may be protected in various kinds of brood-chambers. In 



A Male " Sea-spider," or Pycnogonid, carrying the ova. — 

 After Cams Sterne, 



some lowly crustaceans, the young may return to the shell- 

 cavity of the mother after hatching, and even after they have 

 undergone a moulting. The young crayfish are said to return 

 to the maternal shelter after they have been set adrift. The 

 care of the nurse-bees for their charge, though not exactly 

 maternal, deserves to be recalled ; and the way in which ants 

 save the cocoons when danger threatens is well known. De 



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