Master and Servant 209 



pensity in that direction. So, too, any act per- 

 formed by a third party, under the direction of 

 the servant, renders the master liable, if the 

 authority of the servant, either expressly or from 

 the nature of the task, required or allowed the 

 securing of an assistant. 



Thus, when the master directed his servant to 

 remove snow from a roof without instructions how 

 to do it, and the servant of his own accord got 

 a man to help him, it was held that the master 

 was liable for injury to a passer-by from the 

 snow thrown off by either of the men. 



The books are filled with cases of liability of 

 the master for acts of his servant. In fact, it is 

 one of the most fruitful sources of expensive liti- 

 gation. No rule can be laid down to fit every 

 case, but if it is remembered that generally in the 

 scope of his employment the law knows no differ- 

 ence between the acts of employer and employee 

 much of such litigation will be eliminated. 



In this connection it will be well to note that 

 a master is not generally liable for injuries caused 

 to a servant by another servant, though if the 

 master has himself been negligent in perform- 

 ing his own duties he will be liable. 



A master must furnish his servants a reasona- 

 bly safe place to work in; reasonably safe and 

 suitable machinery and appliances; a reasonable 

 number of reasonably competent fellow-servants ; 



