ON CATTLE-SHEDS AND FOLDS. 37 



inclies extend from the tops of the posts to the back wall at 

 9 feet hig'h, with a ])ui-line of the same scantling' running* 

 across at their mid-length. Let also rafter spars 2^ by 2 

 inches, cut from Norway battens of their breadth into three, 

 proceed from the top of the joist in front, resting; on the 

 purlines, and extending- to the back wall firmly hxed to a 

 spar fastened to the wall ; these small rafters should be at 

 2 feet intervals. And lastly, let eaves boards half inch 

 thick, the breadth of a batten, be placed across the ends of 

 the rafters in front, and projecting- 4 inches beyond the line 

 of the tops of the posts; and similar boards across the ends 

 of the rafters next the back wall; then across the rafters, 

 in the space between the boards, let laths of 1 inch Avide 

 and half an inch thick be nailed at intervals of 15 inches. 

 The shed will now be ready to receive the paper covering-, 

 which will be next described. 



The description of paper most suitable for the purpose of 

 roofing- is that used for laying- on ships' bottoms imder 

 copper sheathing-, and known by the name of sheatliing-- 

 paper ; a very common size of which is 30 inches by 24 

 inclies, and weig'hing- about half a pound the sheet, — such size 

 is exactly that to suit the roof specified above. The paper is 

 prepared and laid on in the following- manner : viz., cover 

 one side of the sheets of paper with hot coal-tar, and whilst 

 the tar is still hot, dredg-e or sift on it as much dry sea, or 

 clear washed river sand, well dried in an oven, as will ad- 

 here to the tar; then cover the sand, when the tar has 

 become cold and set, with a thick coat of lime slaked with 

 a saturated solution of alum or soda; this white-wash 

 should be of the consistence of thick cream, with a ]iortion 

 of glue or other sizing- matter in it. Let the sheet of paper 

 thus prepared be laid on the roof with the prepared side 

 downwards, and nailed to the laths with fine short and very 

 fiat headed scuppev-nails ; and so cover the entire roof with 

 prepared sheets of paper, the edges of which must be laid 

 as closely tog-ether as possible without over-lapping-. The 

 upper side of the paper thus laid on must be thickly and 

 evenly covered with hot coal-tar, and another stratum of 

 paper laid upon it; after which, the outer side of this 

 second stratum of paper must be prepared with coal-tar and 

 sand in the same manner as the under side of the first. 



To make the roof complete, it should be neatly pointed 

 with Roman cement wherever it may join any wall, in order 

 to prevent any wet finding- its way in at the junction. To 



