IMPROVEMENTS IN CLAY-LANDS. §33 



"the valuation." In attempting- to show the sj^stem of 

 improving- claj land, the tenant has Ijeen supposed to be at 

 the whole expense, and that the improvements have been 

 carried on under his superintendence. But as the g-rubbing-, 

 draining-, and fencing-, are all permanent improvements to 

 the estate, they oug'ht, therefore, to belong- to the landlord ; 

 and it is at his expense, and under the directions of his 

 steward, that these operations will be most satisfactorilj 

 carried on. The tenant may fairly be required to pay at 

 least one per cent, more than the common rate of interest on 

 sums expended on the improvement of his farms ; and it is 

 believed he Avill find it to his advantage to agree to such 

 terms. The sum required for executing the improvements 

 contemplated is 100/. The rate of interest to be charged on 

 such outlay is 5/. per cent, per annum, and it now only 

 remains to show how the tenant is enabled to pay this in- 

 terest. The land formerly produced four sacks or two 

 quarters of wheat per acre. An increase of one quarter may 

 be reasonably expected, and this quantity (three quarters), 

 at 52.'?. per quarter, is 71. lG.»f. per acre, or 101/. 8.!?. for the 

 whole 13 acres. The same price is put upon the wheat, 

 although it is likely to command a higher figure. The rent 

 of the land before, was 7s. per acre, or 4/. 11.*?. for 13 acres. 

 It is now, with interest on outlay added, something- more 

 than 14.s\ 8r/. per acre, or 9/. lis. for 13 acres. The cost of 

 the fallow before, was 60.s\ per acre, or 39/. for 13 acres ; 

 and the cost of the seed, sowing, weeding, harvesting, &c., 

 amounted to the further sum of 32/. 10s. The expense of 

 the fallow is now likely to be lessened, but I shall make no 

 change upon this, and there comes out a most cheering and 

 g-ratifying result. The produce of the land, then, now is 

 3 quarters per acre, or 39 quarters in all, which, at 52.s\ per 

 quarter, is — 



£ s. d. 

 101 8 

 From this sum deduct — £ s. d. 



1. Rent f) 11 



2. Cost of fallow 39 



3. Cost of seed, sowing, &c 32 10 



In all 81 1 



Which, deducted from the supposed price of produce, 



leaves a total return to the tenant of £20 7 



Thus it is clear that, with a small outlay on the jiart of 

 the landlord, he receives a fair rate of interest for the 



