Windows and Ventilation 



283 



prominently in view in ventilation : first, no 

 strong draughts of air, or, as a distinguished 

 professor puts it, "great gobs of raw air," should 

 be introduced ; second, ventilators should 

 ventilate both at the ceiling and the floor, 

 as in these two iDlaces will be found the 

 most impure aii*. Ample air space is most 

 economically secured by 

 high ceilings, rather 

 than by horizontal en- 

 largement. The air can 

 be kept reasonably pure 

 by the introduction, at 

 several points near the 

 lower floor, of small 

 volumes of slowly mov- 

 ing fresh air. 



Two stairs should 

 lead from the basement 

 to the second floor in 

 all large barns to 

 economize time ; the 

 openings in the upper 

 floor had best be pro- 

 vided with flap doors, -Plg-ioe. a swing window for stable. 



which can be left open in muggy, warm weather 

 to assist ventilation, or closed in cold weather 

 to economize warmth. 



Many varieties of stanchion for confining cat- 



