Fences and the Eornfly 339 



and the days are hot, manifestly the animals 

 will be most comfortable in the stables in the 

 day time and in the pastures at night. This 

 system will permit of reducing the pastures 

 nearly one -half, and the removal of all fences 

 except those which surround the permanent 

 pasture land. If it is desired occasionally to 

 pasture a part of the unenclosed land, a 

 light woven wire fence, which can be easily 

 erected and removed, may be constructed. All 

 changes in the present system of summering 

 animals should be towards smaller areas of 

 pasture -land, fewer fences, more comfortable 

 conditions for animals, economy of effort, and 

 control of food -supplies for the animals at all 

 seasons of the year. 



In most of the states the laws require each 

 farmer to restrain his own animals without the 

 aid of the neighbors; hence the road -fence, often 

 the most unsightly and ill kept of all the fences, 

 may be discarded. How many of the inside 

 fences would best be removed depends upon 

 circumstances; but certain it is that a more 

 rational system of restraining and feeding cattle 

 will be adopted than the one now almost univer- 

 sally in use. We cannot destroy the hornfly; 

 we can remove the useless fences and house the 

 animals in stables from which the pestiferous 

 flesh- and milk -reducing flies are excluded. 



