228 The Feeding of Animals 



CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL BY-PRODUCT FEEDING STUFFS 



For the purposes of description, the various by- 

 product feeding stuffs may be classified according to 

 their origin. Their sources are mainly as follows: 



1. The milling of wheat and other grains. 



2. The manufacture of oatmeal and a variety of 



breakfast foods. 



3. The numufacture of beer and other alcoholic 



drinks. 



4. The manufacture of starch and sugars, chiefly 



from corn. 



5. The extraction of oils, chiefly linseed oil and 



cottonseed oil. 



Wheat offals. — No commercial feeding stuffs are 

 regarded with greater favor, or are more widely and 

 largely purchased by American feeders than the by- 

 products from milling wheat. Wheat -bran and mid- 

 dlings are cattle foods of standard excellence, wiiether 

 we consider composition, palatableness or their relation 

 to the quality of dairy products. Tht^se feeding stuffs 

 consist of particular parts of the wheat kernel, a knowl- 

 edge of the structure of which aids greatly in under- 

 standing what they are and why they possess certain 

 chemical and physical properties. 



To ordinary observation the wheat grain appears to 

 be merely a seed, but it is really a seed contained in a 

 tightly -fitting seed -pod. This pod, which is woody and 

 tough, constitutes the outer coating of the kernel. On 

 the seed itself are two more hard and resisting coat- 

 ings, one of which is double, that serve to protect the 



