Quantity of Ration — Management 415 



light feeding. Heavy rations are sometimes warranted 

 by the low cost of feeds and the high price of the resnlt- 

 ing product, a condition which has not existed for 

 the past ten years. In the writer's judgment milk is 

 more economically produced by cows not unusual in 

 character or size when the grain ration, wisely com- 

 pounded, ranges between 8 and 12 pounds daily, 

 according to the weight and capacity of the animal, 

 than when more is fed, provided the coarse foods are 

 supplied in the ordinary proportion. It is especially 

 important with breeding animals, where the physical 

 condition of the dam should be kept at its best, that 

 the indigestion and high physical tension induced by 

 extreme rations should be avoided. 



ENVIRONMENT AND TREATMENT OF ANIMALS 



The quarters in which animals live should be com- 

 fortable, that is, they should be neither too warm nor 

 too cold and should be well ventilated. These condi- 

 tions are essential to health and the most profitable 

 production. The stable temperature in winter should 

 be held above 45° F. as a minimum, and may well be 

 kept below 60°. A constant exchange of air should be 

 secured without creating cold drafts, and the "King" 

 system of ventilation seems to be worthy of com- 

 mendation. 



All domestic animals, whether the milch cow or the 

 fattening steer, should have a reasonable amount of 

 exercise under comfortable conditions. Little sym- 

 pathy should be shown towards the modern fad of 



