April 26, 191 7] 



NATURE 



Ireland. 



PtBLic Education. 



Administration ... 

 Inspection 

 rrainingf colleges 

 Model schools ..." 



National schools 



Manual and practical Instruction 



Feachers' residences 



Superannuation, etc., of teachers (grants in 

 aid) 



Gross total 

 Deduct-- 

 .\ppropriations in aid ... 



Net total 



Net decrease 



Intermediate Educ.\tion". 



Towards salaries of teacliers, including 



cost of administration 

 Endowed Schools Commissioners ... 



Total 



Science .and Art. 



Institutions of science and art 

 Schools of science and art,- etc. 



Geological Survey 



Examinations in courses of instruction 

 conducted in technical schools 



Gross total 

 Deduct— 

 .Appropriations in aid ... 



Net total 



Universities and Colleges. 

 Grants — 



Queen's University of Belfast 



University College, Dublin ... 



University College, Cork 



University College, Galway .... 



National University of Ireland and Univer- 

 sity College, Dublin 



Additional grant to University College, 

 Galway 



Total 



Summary. 

 United Kingdom and England. 



Board of Education 

 British Museum 

 National Galler>' 

 National Portrait Gallerv 



Wallace Collection ... ... 



London Museum ... .. 



Scientific Investigation, etc. 



Department of Scientific and Industrial 



Research 



I'niversities and Colleges, Great Britain, 



and Intermediate Education, Wale? 



Scotland. 

 Public Education 



National Galleries ... 



Tsin_ oatR vni . no1 



32.167 

 49,094 

 62,713 



3,891 

 1,591.580 



12,415 

 6,700 



60,158 



1,818,718 



700 



1,818,018 



173,566 



£ 



40,000 

 850 



40,850 



£ 

 47,950 

 103,550 

 1,588 



650 



153,738 



1,520 



152,218 



£ 



18,000 

 32,000 

 20,000 

 12.000 



28,500 



2,000 



II 2, 500 



£ 

 15.159,780 



128,595 



11,421 



3.631 



4,031 



2,300 



100,006 



1,038,050 

 321,200 



2,513.765 

 3,980 



Ireland, 



Public Education 



Intermediate Education (Ireland) 

 Endowed Schools Commissioners 

 National Gallery 

 Science and Art 

 Universities and Colleges 



Total 



£ 



1,818,018 



40,000 



850 



1,830 



152,218 



112,500 



21,412,175 



Net increase ... ... 764,787 



[Supplementarv Estimate for Board of Education,. 

 3,856,000/.] 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Glasgow. — The following degrees of doctors of science 

 were conferred on April 24 : — H. H. Green : Thesis, 

 " Note on the Estimation of Potassium in Urine ; 

 Investigations into the Nitrogen Metabolism of Soil; 

 The Sulphur Sheep Dips ; Uf)on the t.x)mposition and 

 Analysis of Polysulphide Solutions; Arsenical Dip- 

 Tester; with other papers." T. M. MacRobert : 

 Thesis, "' Functions of a Complex Variable." W. R. 

 Smellie : Thesis. "Contributions to the Geolog>' of 

 the West of Scotland : The Sandstones of the Upper 

 Red Barren Measures to the East of Glasgow; The 

 Cowal '-Landslip' of August 5, 1912; The Tertiary- 

 Composite Sill of South Bute; The Igneous Rocks of 

 Bute." J. M'Lean Thompson: Thesis, "Studies in 

 Floral Zygomorphy : I. The Initiation of Staminal 

 Zygomorphy; The 'Anatomy and Affinit}- of Deparia 

 Moorei. Hook; The Anatomy and Affinity of Platyzoma 

 microphyllum, R.Br." 



In an article on technical education in ine Elec- 

 trician for April 6 Mr. F. M. Denton outlines the 

 proposals made by Viscount Haldane and by Sir 

 Trevor Dawson for the improvement of education In 

 this countn.-, and makes some further suggestions. 

 In general, he agrees with Lord Haldane that hi5tor\\ 

 literature, language, and science should be taught to 

 each boy, and that early specialisation should be dis- 

 couraged. He points out that both Lord Haldane 

 and Sir Trevor Dawson distinguish between what he 

 calls the "applied humanities," which give a man 

 knowledge of human nature and enable him to under- 

 stand his neighbours, and the "useless humanities,'* 

 the dead languages. With Lord Haldane he advo- 

 cates the substitution of thought-stimulating work 

 like the study of scientific phenomena for the mere 

 memory exercise involved in the ordinary studv of 

 dead langxiages. Sir Trevor Dawson thinks the tech- 

 nical engineer should leave school at fourteen, enter 

 a works as a half-timer, devoting the rest of the day 

 to study at a technical school, and if he passes success- 

 fully through a five years' course should proceed to 

 the university. Mr. Denton thinks half-time schemes 

 inadequate, and stigmatises evening classes for bovs 

 who have put in a day at the works as " State 

 sweating." He urges the State to undertake the 

 education of each boy from fourteen to eighteen at 

 a secondary school, and from eighteen to twentv-one 

 at a technical school, as a good investment likely to 

 advance the nation's welfare. 



The number of programmes of educational reform 

 issued by associations competent to speak on the sub- 

 ject of our national education continues to mcrease, 

 and fortunately an examination of the proposals made 

 by them reveals a growing unanimity as to the 

 essential changes which must be made in our sys- 

 tem of education if national efficiency is to be secured. 



