July 31, 1919] 



NATURE 



439 



for Women incorporated with it. He was a few years 

 ago president of the Society of Chemical Industry', and 

 is a vice-president of the Chemical Society. The 

 Regius chair, resigned by the lale Prof. John Fer- 

 guson in 1915, has since then remained vacant owing 

 to the war. 



The following appointments to new chairs have 

 been made by the University Court -.-^Gardiner 

 Chair of Bacteriology: Dr. 'C. H. Browning, I 

 director of the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology 

 at the Middlesex Hospital, and professor of bacterio- 

 logy in the University of London. Gardiner Chair of 

 Organic Chemistry: Dr. T. S. Patterson. Waltonian 

 lecturer, and lecturer in organic chemistry in the 

 University of Glasgow. Gardiner Chair of Physio- 

 logical Chemistry: Dr. E. P. Cathcart, professor of 

 physiology, London Hospital Medical School. These 

 three important new chairs owe their foundation to 

 the munificent endowment of Mr. William Guthrie 

 Gardiner and Mr. Frederick Crombie Gardiner, ship- 

 owners, Glasgow. The sum of 2o,oooZ. was provided 

 for each chair — 6o,ocoi. in all. The benefaction con- 

 tributes greatly to the equipment of the University 

 for dealing with important scientific studies. The 

 subjects of the chairs are among those in which some 

 of the most remarkable modern developments have 

 taken place. It is provided that the professor of bac- 

 teriology shall apply himself to the promotion of 

 instruction and research in relation to bacteriology 

 as bearing on disease, and that the holders of the 

 other chairs shall apply themselves to the promotion 

 of instruction and research in their different subjects. 



London. — Sir William H, Beveridge has been 

 appointed Director of the London School of 

 Economics. 



Mr. T. L. Wren has been appointed to the Univer- 

 sity readership in geometry tenable at University 

 College. In the session 1913-14 Mr. Wren was 

 assistant lecturer in mathematics at Bedford College, 

 and was then for two years lecturer at St, John's 

 College, Cambridge. 



A scheme was approved for the establishment at j 

 University College of a school of librarianship from 

 funds provided by the generosity of the Carnegie 

 trustees. The school will be administered by a com- 

 mittee consisting of representatives of University Col- 

 lege and of the Library Association. Dr. E. A. Baker 

 has been appointed director. 



Lloyd's Register of Shipping has presented lo.oooZ. 

 to the fund which is being raised to establish a degree 

 in commerce at the L'niversity. The trustees of Sir 

 Ernest Cassel have promised 150,000^. if a similar sum 

 is subscribed before October. It is estimated that a 

 sum of 5oo,oooZ. will be required to make suitable 

 provision for the subject in the University. 



The title of emeritus professor has been conferred 

 upon the following : — Prof. Sir George Thane, who 

 has resigned the chair of anatomy at LIniversity Col- 

 lege, which he has held since 1877 (with the title of 

 University professor since 1907) ; Prof. F. M. Simp- 

 son, who has resigned the chair of architecture at 

 University College, which he has held since 1903 (with 

 the title of l^niversitv professor since 1907) ; and 

 Prof. A. K. Huntington, who has resigned the chair 

 of metallurgy at King's College, which he has held 

 since 1879 (with the title of University professor since 

 1912). 



The Senate has resolved to institute a University 

 chair of botany tenable at Bedford College. 



The following doctorates have been conferred by 

 the Senate: — D.Sc. in Biochemistry: Mr. S. S. Zilva, 

 an internal student, of the Lister Institute of Pre- 

 ventive Medicine, for a thesis entitled "The Influence 

 of Deficient Nutrition on the Production of Agglu- 



NO. 2596, VOL. 103] 



tinins, Complement and Amboceptor." D.Sc. in 

 Physiology: Mr. E. W. H. Cruickshank, an internal 

 student, of University College, for a thesis entitled 

 (i) "The Production and Utilisation of Glycogen in 

 Normal and Diabetic -Animals," and (2) "The Digestion 

 and .Absorption of Protein and Fat in Normal and 

 Depancreatised Animals." D.Sc. (Economics): Mr. 

 E. W. Shanahan, an internal student, of. the London 

 School of Economics, for a thesis entitled "The Pro- 

 duction and the Consumption of Animal Foodstuffs, 

 with Special Reference to the British Empire." D.Sc. 

 in Botany: Mr. James Small, an external student, 

 for a thesis entitled " The Origin and Development of 

 the Compositae," together with -uh-i(Haiv contribu- 

 tions. 



Lt.-Col. Sir Theodore Morison has been ap- 

 pointed Principal of Armstrong College, Newcastle- 

 upon-Tvne, in succession to Sir Henry Hadow. 



Prof. W. M. Gardner, head of the chemistry and 

 dveing department of Bradford Technical College since 

 1895, ^"d principal of the college since 1906, is retiring 

 on account of ill-health. 



The trustees of the Beit Fellowships for Scientific 

 Research, which were founded and endowed in 1913 

 by Mr. Otto Beit in order to promote the advance- 

 ment of science by means of research, have recently 

 elected Mr. Jonas Arthur Hey to a fellowship. Mr. 

 Hey was educated at the Keighley Trade and 

 Grammar School, 1907-14, and has been a student at 

 the Imperial College of Science and Technology since, 

 except for the period of his war service. He will 

 carry out his research at the Imperial College. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



Paris. 



Academy of Sciences, |ulv 7.— M. L^on Guignard in 

 the chair. — C. Richet, P. Brodin, and F. Salnt-Girons : 



The immunising action of sodium chloride against 

 anaphylactic injection. The second injection of 

 plasma, which normally causes a violent anaphylactic 

 shock, can be rendered also innocuous by dilution with 

 nine times its volume of an isotonic (08 per cent.) 

 solution of common salt. The sodium chloride cannot 

 be replaced by glycose. The plasma injected was from 

 the horse, and dogs were used in the experiments, but 

 the authors regard the immunising action of the salt 

 as general, and not limited to these special cases. — 

 A. Blondel : Some properties of the bipolar diagram 

 of synchronised alternators on a network at constant 

 potential. — V. Grlgnard and Ed. Urbain : The pre- 

 paration of phosgene by means of carbon tetrachloride 

 and oleum or ordinary sulphuric acid. The best vield 

 of phosgene in this reaction is obtained with oleum 

 containing 45 per cent, of SO,, and SO,HCl is left as 

 the residual product. If the presence of some HCl in 

 the nhosgene is without objection, ordinary sulphuric 

 acid mav with advantage be substituted for the oleum, 

 using infusorial earth as catalyst. — M. Emanuele 

 Paterno was elected a correspondant for the section 

 of chemistry in succession to M. G. Charpy. elected 

 member of the division of the applications of science 

 to industry. — V. Karpen : The cause of the adherence 

 of the concrete to th'^ iron in armoured concrete con- 

 structions. — MM. Aiicl«ir and Bover-Guillon : An 

 accelerograph.- T. Ubach : Observations of the an- 

 nular eclipsf of Deceni^^rr 1. toiS. made at Buenos 

 Aires,— F. Dlinert and F, Wandenbulcke : The action 

 of sodium thiosulphate upon hypochlorites. When a 

 potable water has been treated with hypochlorite, it is 



