August 7, 19 19] 



NATURE 



457 



model are many, (i) Such a. model of a volcano or 

 ' f any land-form which changes during a .:!eneration 



of men is a scientific record of that locality, of great 

 value to students of the oresent and future. (2) Such 



!. — In this figure the extinct pit crater of Kilauea lici is seen. At the bottom is a sheet of frozen lava wliicli shows black 

 in the figure. The level of this lava is several hundreds of feet below the lava of the great pit. -There has been a flow 

 of lava from a point midway between the great pit and Kilauea Iki within historic times which flowed into Kilauea 

 Iki. The sides of Kilauea Iki are veiy steep, but partlycovered with vegetation. The road may be seen winding about 

 the rim of the crater. With a reading-glass several automobiles may be seen, which give an idea of the scale of 

 the model. 



3.— PhotDgraph of the Kilauea model looking north-east across the pit of Halemaumau, the molten lake with its liery 

 lountains being just visible. 1 he liquid lava M 350 ft. below the rim of the crater. The observation hut maintained 

 by the Ma>!>achasetts Institute of Technology is on the left just back from the rim. Sometimes the molten lava rises 

 nearly to the top of the pit, and again it will sink away so as to niiike the crater about a thousand feet deep. The 

 dark grey lava field reaches to the base of the encircling caldera walls, in which the old bedded structures of^ ancient 

 lava-flows, ash heds, and a laccolith may be observed. I aluses are seen in several localities at the base of the. escarp- 

 ment. In the left foreground is the summit point Lwekahuna, under which lies a stairway of great down-faulted 

 blocks. Note the Volcano House group of buildings in the right distance, to the left of which are the brilliantlv coloured 

 Sulphur Bank and, behind, the dnrk fo'estfd slopes of the Kilauea cone. 



N-O. 2597, VOL. 103] 



