PRIMARY RESULTS 75 



substance purchased for use as litter must, of course, be 

 charged, and the second example in the table below includes 

 an item of this nature. Ordinarily there will be no charge 

 for labour, either manual or horse. Labour on littering 

 yards, stalls, and boxes is charged against the stock ; labour 

 on filling, carting, and spreading dung is chargeable against 

 the field or crop receiving it. It sometimes happens, how- 

 ever, that the manure is not spread direct from the yard 

 but is stored for some time in heaps near the field to which 

 it is to be applied. In this case it is advisable to charge the 

 cost of filling, carting, and heaping to the manure account, 

 and to charge only the subsequent spreading to the field 

 or crop. This was the position in the case of the first example 

 in the table (East Midlands I), and the manual and horse 

 labour there recorded represents the cost of making the 

 dung -heap. The second example (South - Eastern IV) 

 illustrates another case in which a considerable labour 

 charge may arise. Here there was no home-grown litter 

 available, and considerable quantities of bracken were 

 cut and carted to supply its place. The cost of this labour 

 appears as a charge against the manure, and represents, 

 in effect, an additional charge for * purchased litter '. 



As regard the total cost this, unfortunately, can only 

 be given per load, as in neither case were any weighings 

 performed. Nor has it been possible to distinguish between 

 the cost of manures from different classes of stock or from 

 varying systems of feeding ; these results can only be 

 obtained when more supervision can be given to the recording 

 on the farms, unless, indeed, they belong more properly 

 to the work of an experimental station. 



3. CROPS 

 (a) Fallows and Fallow Crops 



Just as the root crop, or the bare fallow, must be regarded 

 as the starting-point of the rotation, so also is it the founda- 

 tion for the determination of the cost of all farm produce. 



