174 THE RIVER VALLEYS OF 



more or less parallel systems, which includes not only 

 the valleys, but all associated faults and master- 

 joints. In the river valleys the connection between 

 the valleys and faults may not be apparent; but on 

 an examination of the cliffs, it is found that there is 

 not one of the fissures extending to the coast-line 

 which is not connected with a break or fault in 

 the underlying rocks. Furthermore, in those por- 

 tions of S.W. Cork where mining operations have 

 been carried on, slides, heaves, or cross-courses have 

 been proved under every transverse valley, ravine, 

 fissure, and river or stream course that has been 

 mined under ; and such facts suggest that all the 

 transverse river valleys in S.W. Cork are connected 

 with lines of breaks or faults. The longitudinal 

 valleys have still to be considered ; but as no mining 

 operations have been carried on across them, and as 

 they are more or less filled with boulder-clay or mo- 

 raine drift, an examination of them is very unsatis- 

 factory. Although faults can only be proved to extend 

 along one of them, yet it is most probable that they 

 do exist in all. Jukes states that it is probable that 

 a band of limestone extends up the valley from Kil- 

 larney to Mallow ; this, however, is far from being 

 proved, as S.W. of Kanturk the coal-bearing beds of 

 the coal measures are found close to the Old Eed 

 Sandstone, while from that westward to Mill Street 

 there is scarcely room for any limestone to come in 



