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of this supposed temple, are yet standing, and are represented in 

 the wood cut. These pillars are of marble, carved from a single 

 block, and forty-two feet in height. One of the columns has a 

 horizontal fissure extending nearly through it, the others are en- 

 tire. All are slightly out of the perpendicular, leaning towards 

 the sea. On these pillars, graven in marks too palpable to be mis- 

 interpreted, are characters which indicate that twice since the 

 Christian Era the level of the land and sea has changed at Puz- 

 zuoli, and each movement, both of subsidence and elevation has 

 exceeded twenty feet. The surface of these pillars is smooth for 

 a distance of twelve feet from the pedestal, where a band of perfo- 

 rations made by a marine boring muscle or bivalve (liihodomus*'), 

 commences and extends to a height of nine feet, above which, 

 all traces of their ravages disappear. The holes are pear shaped, 

 and in many of them shells are still found, notwithstanding the 

 numbers carried off by curious visitors. The depth and size of 

 these perforations indicate that the columns must have been sub- 

 merged for a long time; for the hole, which is at first very small, 

 and cylindrical, is enlarged by the animal as its size increases 

 Besides these perforations there are incrustations effected by the 

 agency of thermal springs in the neighborhood, and at varying 

 distances, showing the gradual submersion. From all the facts 

 which have been collected, we may prove pretty conclusively, 

 as Mr. Babbage has done, that the temple, or rather baths, which 

 was originally a building of a quadrangular form, seventy feet in 

 diameter, the roof being supported by twenty-four granite col- 

 umns, and twenty-two of marble, was built near the sea for con- 

 venience of the sea-baths, and also for the use of the hot spring 

 which still exists on the land side of the temple; and that by the 

 gradual subsidence of the land, a channel was formed, through 

 which the salt water flowing and mingling with the thermal wa- 

 ters, a brackish lake was formed, producing an incrustation at 

 various heights, of from three to four and a half feet, of a differ- 

 ent character from what either* would produce separately. After 

 this, the land still subsiding, the channel which admitted the sea 



* Lithodomus, from lithos a stone, anu damns a house. 



