100 



TUBKEY CULTURE. 



moist and subjected to a temperature of 77 degrees, the 

 embryo within the egg moves and turns about and finally 

 escapes by pushing away one of the coverlets. Twenty- 

 eight to thirty days of such a degree of warmth, with 

 moisture, is sufficient for the development of the embryo 

 and its escape from the shell. These 

 embryos live in water, where they 

 swim about in a serpentine manner. 

 They have been kept alive at this 

 stage almost a year by subjecting 

 them to a low temperature, but 

 with a temperature of from 68 to 77 

 degrees, they did not live more 

 than eight or ten days. The illus- 

 trations, Figs. 26 and 27, reproduced 

 from report of United States Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, 1884, represent 

 the various stages from the egg to 

 the mature worm attached to the 

 trachea. 



Fowls become infected in sev- 

 eral ways, food and water containing 

 eggs or the live embryos being prob- 

 ably the two most common. The 

 vitality of gapeworm eggs is very 

 strong and may be preserved for a 

 long time in the soil or wherever 

 the eggs may fall. Birds affected 

 FIG. 27. WINDPIPE OF A with this malady frequently expel, 

 FOWL. j n a ^ o coughing plump gape- 



Slit open and pinned back to 



show a large number of the worms full of CggS. Other f owls 

 tapeworms attached to the 



inside, natural size. near by consume with avidity the 



worms thus ejected. Two or three weeks later these same 

 young fowls are sure to present symptoms of the malady. 

 Dr. H. D. Walker has pointed out that earthworms act 

 the part of host to the gapeworm embryo, and believes 



