HINDRANCES AND DISEASES. 105 



been observed that gapes are more prevalent during a wet 

 spring and during those summers following a mild winter. 

 In stamping out this trouble, the importance of the addi- 

 tion of a small quantity of some germicide like carbolic 

 acid, salicylic acid, assafoetida or petroleum to the drink- 

 ing water, sufficient to destroy worms or eggs that are 

 ejected therein, should not be overlooked. 



"BLACKHEAD" IN TURKEYS IS CONTAGIOUS. 



For more than fifteen years there has been great loss 

 among turkeys raised in southern New England, from a 



supposed contagious disease 

 known as "blackhead." It has 

 entirely prevented turkey rais- 

 ing on many farms, and has 

 caused great de- 

 struction. Pub- 

 lic attention was 

 fll lirst directed to 



Prof. Cushman 



Experiment 

 Station, in the F i G . 32 . 



Summer Of 1893. The other crecum 

 wir 31 mi from Fig 29, cut 



The matter was crosswise to 



One caecum from Fig. 29, slit open to show thicken- 



show thickened mucous membrane, closely followed ing. 



at that institution until the work was taken by the United 

 States Bureau of Animal Industry. A report on it ap- 

 peared in Bulletin 8 from that Bureau, which illustrated 

 and described the disease, and indicated that it might 

 be infectious. Circular No. 5, just issued by Y. A. Moore, 

 Chief of the Bureau of Animal Pathology, gives later re- 

 sults, showing conclusively that blackhead is contagious. 

 Not only is this true, but instead of being confined to the 

 New England coast, certain flocks in the Middle and 



