548 DE. CAEPENTEB'S EESEAECHES ON THE FOEAMINIFEEA. 



external surface ; and the absence of any such distribution accords with the absence in 

 P. crispa of any of that supplemental calcareous deposit which so remarkably changes 

 the aspect of the general surface in P. craticulata. 



Genus CALCAEINA. 



The type next to be described is one in which the supplemental skeleton and the 

 canal-system both attain a more remarkable development than in any Foraminiferous 

 organism that has yet fallen under my notice ; and their mutual relation here becomes 

 so obvious, that no reasonable doubt can be entertained in regard to it. 



193. History. The generic name by which this type is now known, and which indi- 

 cates its resemblance in form to the rowel of a spur, was first conferred upon it by M. 

 D'OEBIGNY in 1825 ; the organism itself, however, was previously well known, both in 

 the recent and in the fossil state, having early attracted the attention of the collectors 

 of minute Testacea through the singularity of its shape. It seems to have first received 

 the name of Nautilus Spengleri from GMELIN, its specific designation having been con- 

 ferred on it in compliment to SPENGLEE, who was among the earliest to direct attention 

 to it ; and under this name it was described and well figured in several of its varieties in 

 the 'Testacea Microscopica ' of FICHTEL and MOLL (p. 84, plate 14. figs, d-i, plate 15. 

 figs, i-k), who refer to the authors cited below* for previous notices of it. SPEXGLEE'S 

 specimens were from Amboyna and Coromandel ; SCHEOTEE found the species in the 

 Adriatic ; FICHTEL and MOLL obtained their specimens from the Indian Ocean and from 

 the Red Sea ; and D'ORBIGNY received his from Madagascar, the Isle of France, Rawack, 

 the Marianne group, Cayenne, and Martinique. The specimens on which my own 

 descriptions will be founded were partly collected by Mr. CUMING in the Philippine 

 Seas, and partly obtained by him from the Mediterranean, in the neighbourhood of 

 Malta. This type may be said, therefore, to have a wide distribution through the seas 

 of the warmer regions of the globe. 



194. The fossil specimens of this type appear to have been first 'noticed in the cre- 

 taceous beds of Maastricht by FAUJAsf. They were described and figured by LAMAECK^ 

 under the designation of Siderolites calcitrapaides ; but he totally misunderstood the 

 nature of the organism, which he grouped with the Corals, instead of among Polytha- 

 lamia. The genus Siderolina has been adopted by M. D'OEBIGNY, who seems to have 

 been entirely ignorant of the generic if not specific identity of the Maastricht fossils 

 with his recent Calcarina calcar, as to which no doubt whatever is entertained either by 

 myself or by Messrs. W. K. PAEKEE and T. RUPEET JONES . It is stated by these 

 observers (loc. cit.), that another variety of the same with shorter spines, occurring in 



* LINNJETJS, Syst. Nat. xiii. ; GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3371, No. 10 ; SPENGLEB, Schrift. dan. Gesellsdi. 

 Kopenh. vol. i. p. 373, pi. 2, fig. 9, a, b, c ; SCHBOTEB, Einleit. Conch.-Kennt. vol. i. p. 756 ; Neue Literat. u. 

 Beytr. z. Naturg. vol. i. p. 309, pi. 1, figs. 3-6 ; SCHEEIBEES, Conch.-Kennt. vol. i. p. 5, No. 10. 



t Hist. Nat. de la Montagne de St. Pierre, a Maastricht. 



t Syst. des Anim. sans Vertebres, 1801, p. 376 ; and Tableau Encycl. et Method, pi. 470, fig. 4, a-Tc. 



Ann. of Nat. Hist. 3rd Series, vol. iii. p. 480. 



