558 DE. CAEPENTEE'S EESEAECHES ON THE FOEAMINIFEEA. 



interieur presente une organisation qui n'est point cellulee mais tubulee. La couleur 

 du tinopore bacule est blanche, flambee et teintee de jaune ; la coquille est entierement 

 opaque. L'individu qui a servi de sujet a notre description venoit de la mer des Indes 

 orientales ; on le trouva dans le sable dont etoit remplie une coquille du genre casque ; 

 on rencontre encore les tinopores parmi d'autres coquilles microscopiques, sur les plages 

 du golfe Arabique, ainsi que dans quelques eponges de la mer Adriatique. D'une pointe 

 a 1'autre, le tinopore que nous venons de decrire a deux lignes de diametre." It is from 

 the very distinct statement of DE MONTFOET (borne out by the vertical section rudely 

 represented in his figure) of the cellulation of the interior of this organism on different 

 planes, so as to give to its vertical section somewhat the appearance of that of a Num- 

 mulite, that I am induced to believe that he had really distinguished Tinoporus from 

 the type to which we now give the designation Calcarina. For, as we have seen, no 

 such appearance is presented by vertical sections of Calcarina ; whilst, as will presently 

 appear, Tinoporus is made up of several layers of cells superimposed one upon another ; 

 and although its relation to Nummulite is really remote, yet the resemblance in aspect 

 presented by vertical sections of the two may easily seem, to such as are unacquainted 

 with the real meaning of their appearances, sufficiently close to justify the parallel. 



210. I am not aware that any subsequent writer has adopted DE MONTFOET'S generic 

 definition of Tinoporus, which seems to have been treated as one of his many valueless 

 differentiations which systematists have agreed to disregard. In the ' Dictionnaire 

 Universel d'Histoire Naturelle ' it is noticed as a synonym of Calcarina. 



211. The plan of structure presented by Tinoporus differs so remarkably from any 

 that has been yet described, as well to deserve being fully detailed. But it presents an 

 additional feature of great interest, in the light which it throws upon the structure and 

 character of the remarkable fossil genus Orbitoides, which, though first named by 

 M. D'OEBIGNY, was first described by me*, and is scarcely less important in its geological 

 relations than Nummulites itself. 



212. Before proceeding, however, to the description of Tinoporus baculatus, I shall 

 give an account of the structure of a simpler form of the same type, by which that 

 of T. baculatus will be better understood. The form to which I allude has a much 

 wider geographical range ; for though the largest and best developed specimens I have 

 seen are those which I have obtained from Mr. JUKES'S Australian dredgings, yet I have 

 met with it also in collections from the Fiji Islands, Mazatlan, and the Canaries ; and 

 Messrs. PAKKEE and RTJPEET JONES (by whom this type has been recently noticed under 

 what I cannot but consider the inappropriate designation Orbitolina-f) state that it occurs 

 also in the East and West Indies, in the Mediterranean, and on the British coast as far 

 north as Arran. To this type, which is destitute of the projections so remarkably 

 characteristic of T. baculatus, the name of T. Icevis may be appropriately given. 



* On the Microscopic Structure of Nummulina, OrUtolites, and Orbitoides, in the Quarterly Journal of 

 the Geological Society, February, 1850. 



t Annals of Natural History, Series 3. vol. vi, pp. 32, 33. 



