1. Eucalyptus calophylla. 



(R.Br., in Journal Geographical Soc., 1851, 20. Schan., in PI. Preiss., i, 131.) 



Red Gum. 



Systematic. One of the largest trees of Western Australia, with a 

 rough bark, shortly fibred, and irregularly furrowed and broken. Leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate; the venation distinct, lateral veins are 

 nearly transverse and closely parallel, the intramarginal vein almost touching 

 the edge. The flowers, red or white, form a terminal corymb or panicle, and 

 are comparatively large. The calyx is pear-shaped, about \ inch long; the 

 operculum being quite depressed. 



*Fruit. Large, on a pedicel nearly i inch long, 

 urn shaped, occasionally ribbed, con- 

 tracted at the orifice ; rim well counter- / 

 sunk ; valves deeply sunk ; about i^ inch /| 

 long and i inch broad. / / 



This fruit is typical in shape of the "Bloodwood" group 

 and probably the largest of that section, the size easily 

 differentiating it from its congeners, except, perhaps, 

 K. Planchoniana and E. ficifolia, both of which it 

 closely resembles. 



Habitat. Western Australia. 



ESSENTIAL OIL. Leaves and terminal branchlets for oil distillation 

 were forwarded to the Museum from the Darling Range, Western Australia, by 

 the Agricultural Department of that State, and the results were published in the 

 Pharmaceutical Journal, September, 1905. The yield of oil was 0-25 per cent. 

 The crude oil was of a dark red colour, and had a turpentine-like odour, with 

 little resemblance to that of ordinary Eucalyptus oils. It consisted largely of 

 pinene, which was mostly dextro-rotatory. The third fraction contained a 

 considerable amount of cymene, judged by the odour and physical properties. 

 Cymene has been proved to occur in the oils belonging to this class of Eucalypts, 

 but sufficient of this oil could not be spared to provide chemical proof. The 

 sesquiterpene occurs in considerable amount, as proved by the reactions, and 

 10 per cent, of the oil distilled above 245 C. Phellandrene was not detected, 

 and cineol only in traces in the portion distilling about 176 C. Constituents 

 boiling between 185 and 245 C. were practically absent, as only two or three 

 drops came over between those temperatures, so that aromadendral and 

 piperitone do not occur. The comparative insolubility in alcohol also showed 

 the oil to contain a large excess of terpenes. The dark colour of the oil was 

 readily removed by agitating with dilute aqueous soda. The esters easily 

 saponified in the cold, while at a high temperature they decomposed; the 

 principal ester was evidently geranyl-acetate. 



'* The illustrations of the fruits are all drawn to NATURAL SIZE, which, of Course, may vary somewhat 

 but the general contour will be found to be fairly constant. 



