CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER V. OPTICS. 



1. THOMAS YOUNG. The Undulatory Theory of Light 

 Its History from the time of Hooke and Hm/gens. 

 The Law of Interference Its application to Diffrac- 

 tion to the Rainbow and to other subjects. The 

 Theory of Polarization referred to another section. .page 95 



2. MALUS. Discovery of the Polarization of Light by 

 Reflection Early History of Double Refraction and 

 Polarization page 103 



3. FRESNEL. The Undulatory Theory of Light con- 

 tinued Diffraction- Transverse Vibrations; Young. 

 Polarization and Double Refraction explained. 

 Lighthouse Illumination P a g e 105 



4. ARAGO. Short Account of his Scientific Career He 

 discovers the Colours of Polarized Light Laws and 

 Theory of Depolarization ; M. Biot ; Young ; Fres- 

 nel. Non-interference of oppositely Polarized Rays 

 Rotatory Action of Quartz. M. Foucault's Experi- 

 ment on the Velocity of Light P a ge 109 



5. SIR DAVID BREWSTER. Progress of Experimental 

 Optics Laws of Polarization Double Refraction pro- 

 duced by Heat and Compression Discovery ofBiaxal 

 Crystals Laws of Metallic Reflection Absorption of 

 Light ; and Lines of the Solar Spectrum ; FRAUN- 

 HOFER. Seebeck ; M. BIOT P a ge 113 



6. Mr AIRY, Sir WILLIAM R. HAMILTON, and Profes- 

 sors LLOYD and MACCULLAGH. Confirmation of 

 FresneVs Theory Investigation of the Wave Surface 

 completed; Conical Refraction. M. CAUCHY Me- 

 chanical Theory of Elastic Media, and of Ordinary and 

 Metallic Reflection; M. Jamin. Theory of Dispersion ; 

 Professor Powell P a g e 119 



7. RITTER. Chemical Rays of the Spectrum. NIEPCE; 

 DAUGUERRE ; Mr TALBOT. Art of Heliography or 

 Photography Daguerreotype Calotype. Professor 

 STOKES. Chemical Rays rendered visible Fluores- 

 cence P a g e 123 



CHAPTER VI. HEAT, INCLUDING SOME TOPICS OF CHEMICAL PHILOSOPHY. 



1. BLACK. Latent and Specific Heat, Irvine. Hut- 

 ton. Doctrines of Heat applied to some Natural Phe- 

 nomena P a g e 127 



2. CAVENDISH. His Singular Character and Attain- 

 ments Eminent Chemical Discoveries Observations 

 on Heat and on other Branches of Physics. LAVOI- 

 SIER The Calorimeter Theory of Combustion and of 

 Oxidation page 130 



3. D ALTON. Theory of Oases and Vapours Law of 

 Expansion by Heat Atomic Theory of Chemistry. 

 GAY-LUSSAC page 135 



4. RUMFORD. Economical applications of Heat. Point 

 of Maximum Density of Water ; Hope. Friction as a 

 source of Heat. Theory that Heat is convertible into 

 Mechanical Energy ; Mr Joule P a ge 142 



5. SIR JOHN LESLIE. Establishment of certain Laws 



of Radiant Heat. Pictet. Prevost page 144 



6. FOURIER. Mathematical Theory of the Conduction 

 of Heat Lambert ; Poisson. Temperature of the 

 Earth and of Space P a ge 148 



7. DULONG. The Law of Cooling. Progress of the Sci- 

 ence of Radiant Heat between Leslie's and Melloni's 

 Discoveries ; transmission of Radiant Heat through 

 Glass. Herschel ; De la Roche ; Professor Powell. 

 Theory of Dew ; Wells P a g e 154 



8. MELLONI. Recent History of Radiant Heat 

 Transmission and Refraction of Heat ; Properties of 

 Heat analogous to Colour Experiments in Great 

 Britain on the Polarization and Double Refraction of 

 Heat P a g e 157 



9. M. REGNATJLT. Numerical Laws of Expansion by 

 Heat ; Rudberg. Vaporization ; Dulong. Latent 

 Heat; Hygrometry P a ge 159 



CHAPTER VII. ELECTRICITY MAGNETISM ELECTRO-MAGNETISM. 



1. GALVANI. Discovery of Galvanism ; Proper Animal 

 Electricity. The subject revived JyNobili. MM. Mat- 

 teucci and Du Bois-Reymond P a g e 160 



2. VOLTA. Progress of Discovery in Common and At- 

 mospheric Electricity The Electro-motive Theory 

 Voltaic Pile Chemical Analogies and Decomposition ; 



Fabroni ; Nicholson and Carlisle P a ge 163 



3. SIR HUMPHRY DAVY. Progress of Voltaic Electri- 

 city Electro-Chemistry ; Berzelius. Davy's Inven- 

 tion of the Safety-Lamp. WOLLASTON ; his Electri- 

 cal and other Observations. Contrctst of his Charac- 

 ter with that of Davy page 168 



4. OERSTED. AMPERE. Discovery of Electro-Magnet- 

 ism Electro-Dynamic Theory Discovery of Thermo- 

 Ekctricity; SEEBECK.- The Galvanometer o/Schweig- 

 ger and Nobili page 175 



5. Dr FARADAY. Progress of the Theory of Electro-Che- 



mical Decomposition Volta-Electric Induction 

 Magneto-Electricity Diamagnetism Optical Changes 

 induced by Magnetism. Professor Pliicker Magne- 

 optic Action P a g e 179 



6. OHM DANIEL Mr WHEATSTONE M. JACOBI. 

 Laws of Electrical Conduction ; Constant Battery; 

 Applications of Electricity to Telegraphs Clocks 

 Motive Engines the Electrotype P a ge 184 



7. CAVENDISH COULOMB. On the Distribution of Sta- 

 tical Electricity, and on the Mathematical Theory of 

 the same. POISSON Mathematical Theory of Stati- 

 cal Electricity and of Magnetism generalized. Green ; 

 Professor William Thomson P a g e 189 



8. Professor HANSTEEN Baron A. VON HUMBOLDT 

 GAUSS Major-General SABINE Captain Sir J. C. 

 Ross. Progress of our Knowledge of Terrestrial Mag- 

 netism in the Present Century page 192 



