VI THE INTESTINES 251 



Intestines, —The intestines form one long tube, with 

 mucous and muscular coats, like the stomach ; and, like 

 it, they are enveloped in peritoneum. They are divided 

 into two portions— the small intestines and the large 

 intestines; the latter, though shorter, having a much 

 greater diameter than the former. The name of duo- 

 denum is given to that part of the small intestine, 

 about ten inches in length, which immediately succeeds 

 the stomach, and is bent upon itself and fastened by 

 the peritoneum against the back wall of the abdomen, in 

 the loop shown in Fig 76, h, i. It is in this loop that 

 the head of the pancreas lies (Fig. 67). 



The rest of the small intestines, of which the part next 

 to the duodenum is called the jejunum and the rest the 

 ileum, is no wider than the duodenum, so that the tran- 

 sition from the small intestine to the large (Fig. 80 II) is 

 quite sudden. The opening of the small intestine into 

 the large is provided with prominent lips which project 

 into the cavity of the latter, and oppose the passage of 

 matters from it into the small intestine, while they readily 

 allow of a passage the other way. This is the ileo-c^cal 

 valve. 



The large intestine forms a blind dilatation beyond the 

 ileo-cjBcal valve, which is called the ceecum ; and from 

 this an elongated, blind process is given off. which, from 

 its shape, is called the vermiform appendix of the 

 cyecum (Fig. 80 verm). 



The caecum lies in the lower part of the right side of the 



G, lungs collapsed, and occupying only back part of chest ; ff, lateral 

 portions of pleural membranes ; /, cartilage at the end of sternum 

 (ensiform cartilage) ; K, portion of the wall of body left between thorax 

 and abdomen ; a, cut ends of the ribs ; £, the liver, in this case lying 

 more to the left than the right of the body ; M, the -toma'^h. a large" p^irt 

 of the gi-eater curvature being shown ; A', duodenum ; 0, small intestine ; 

 P, the cpecum, so largely developed in tliia and other herbivorous 

 animals ; Q, the large intestine. 



